Bone Abstracts

Hyperthyroidism in mice is associated with a low bone mass, an increased bone turnover and high serum levels of sclerostin, a potent Wnt inhibitor. Here, we explored the effects of either reducing bone turnover with bisphosphonates or increasing bone formation with neutralizing sclerostin antibodies (Scl-Ab) on bone mass and estimated strength in hyperthyroid mice.Twelve-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were rendered hyperthyroid by adding L-thy...

Background: Neonatal hypocalcemia is defined as S-Ca <2 mmol/l in fullterm newborns and <1.75 mmol/l in preterm newborns. Neonatal hypocalcemia is either early onset (<3 days of age) or late onset (>3 days of age). Newborns with hypocalcemia are often asymptomatic, but mays present with hypotonia, apnea, poor feeding, jitteriness, seizures, cardiac failure. Signs of hypocalcemia rarely occur unless S-Ca drops below 1.75 mmol/l.Case presen...

Background: Spondylometaphyseal dysplasias (SMDs) comprise a diverse group of skeletal dysplasias and often manifest as short stature, growth-plate irregularities, and vertebral anomalies. One such condition is SMD with ‘corner fractures’ (OMIM #184255). These individuals generally show development of coxa vara, scoliosis and triangular ossification centers at the edges of metaphyses that simulate fractures.Presenting problem: To date only 16 p...

Apart from analyses of well-known correlates of age-related hip fracture risk, such as low BMD, impaired external geometry and deteriorated micro-architecture, there is increasing interest to elucidate nano-structural determinants of fracture risk at the bone mineralized matrix level.In this study we analyzed cortical bone specimens of the femoral neck region in five elderly women who sustained hip fracture and in four healthy women of corresponding age....

Tooth fracture is considered as a major problem in dentistry. As it is commonly observed in dental practice, one of the main factors that lead to increased tooth fragility is its devitalization. However, there is no definite mechanistic explanation for such phenomenon. We hypothesize that the possible response to this matter lies in the changes that occur in dentin due to altered microenvironment after endodontic procedure. Therefore, in this study we analyzed the structural a...

In sharp contrast to the great interest in morphology of the proximal femur in aged individuals, there is a paucity of studies in children. To date, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of trabecular micro-architecture in various biomechanically relevant subregions of the immature proximal femur has been lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize postnatal development of trabecular bone in various regions of the human proximal femur. The study sample was comprised of ...

Habitual physical activities of past populations are frequently reconstructed based on musculoskeletal markers (MSM) in human skeletal remains, i.e. particular morphological features of muscles attachment sites. However, the relationship between muscular activity and bone microstructure at the site of muscle attachments is unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed at analyzing bone microstructural characteristics of the muscles attachments sites and correlating these features wi...

Hepatic osteodystrophy is an important complication of chronic liver disease associated with fractures resulting in pain, deformity and immobility. The aim of the study was to examine association of severity of alcoholic liver cirrhosis with areal bone mineral density (BMD) and to estimate bone geometric strength of the proximal femur in those patinets. The study included 27 male patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and control group of 36 healthy patients. Laboratory testi...

The chronic use of glucocorticoids in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) may result in decreased bone mass. Therefore, using simple and accurate methods for assessing bone status in these patients could facilitate the treatment of disease. The purpose of this study was to verify the association between parameters of bone mass measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of proximal phalanges in children adolescents with c...

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type V is caused by a unique dominant mutation (c.−14C>T) in IFITM5, which encodes BRIL, a transmembrane ifitm-like protein most strongly expressed in osteoblasts, while type VI OI is caused by recessive null mutations in SERPINF1, encoding pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). We identified a 25-year-old woman with severe OI, whose dermal fibroblasts and cultured osteoblasts displayed minimal secretion of PEDF, but ...