Bone Abstracts

Communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is crucial for bone remodeling. Thrombin and its thrombin receptor (TR; PAR-1) are expressed in osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. To date, the physiological roles of thrombin and TR in bone metabolism have not been elucidated. Therefore, we fully characterized the bone phenotype of mice lacking the thrombin receptor.We performed bone microarchitectural analyses of the femurs of 10–12 week ol...

Objectives: Strong coordination between osteoblasts and bone marrow cells is fundamental for the regulation of healthy bone turnover and other (patho)physiological processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate communication between cells via horizontal transfer of proteins and nucleic acids. Osteoblasts secrete EVs in the form of matrix vesicles involved in bone mineralization, however, information about a role in intercellular communication is still lacking. In this study, ...

Transient receptor potential vanilloid channels (TRPVs) have been implicated in Ca2+ homeostasis and bone metabolism. In particular, TRPV4 deficiency was shown to cause sexual dimorphism in bone metabolism and osteoporotic fracture risk. Cortical bone structure was reported to be altered in male TRPV4 knock-out (TRPV4−/−) mice but not in female TRPV−/− mice compared to sex-matched wildtype (TRPV4+/+) animals.To gain knowledge on t...

Background: Elevated plasma homocysteine levels are a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures. Supplementation with vitamin B12/folic acid lowers homocysteine levels. This study aimed to determine whether vitamin B12/folic acid supplementation reduces osteoporotic fracture incidence in hyperhomocysteinemic elderly.Methods: B-PROOF is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial including 2 919 participants aged ≧65 years with elevated homocyste...

Background: Primary tumoral calcinosis is an orphan disease. The data about the incidence of this disease, as well as clinical recommendations for treatment are not presented in the literature.Presenting problem: Two patients – 11.5 years old boy and 8 years old girl with primary tumoral calcinosis had multiple foci of the subcutaneous calcification, walking impossibility, wheel-chair condition, fatigue, high fever and equinus deformity of the left ...

STRUCTURE was a phase 3, open-label study evaluating the effect of romosozumab or TPTD for 12 months in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis transitioning from bisphosphonate therapy (NCT01796301). This study enrolled women with postmenopausal osteoporosis who had taken an oral bisphosphonate for ≥3 years prior to screening and alendronate in the year prior to screening; had a BMD T-score ≤−2.5 at the total hip (TH), lumbar spine (LS), or femoral neck (FN);...

We have previously demonstrated the presence of circulating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in fracture patients. However, the exact time for their appearance in circulation remains unknown. Nine patients (five females, four males, age 70±12 years, range 55–89 years) with a fresh femoral neck fracture were recruited in the study, which was approved by the local ethical committee. Bone marrow (BM) sample drawn from the iliac crest of all patients served as the individua...

The selective cathepsin K inhibitor odanacatib (ODN) is currently in development for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of ODN vs alendronate (ALN) on bone mass and strength of lumbar vertebrae (LV) in orchiectomized (ORX) rabbits, a model of male osteoporosis. Adult male rabbits (11 months old) were subjected to sham- (n=20) or ORX-surgery (n=24/group) for 7.5 months before dosing initiated. ORX animals were ra...

Muscle and loading force application alters bone structure and increases bone mineral density (BMD), particularly during growth. However, bone microarchitectural texture, as assessed by the trabecular bone score (TBS), changes during growth is unknown. We hypothesized that TBS would be positively correlated with growth and higher in growing girls participating in regular physical exercise.68 girls (mean age 12±0.3 years; BMI 18±2.8 kg/m2</...

Destruction of the articular cartilage is the major feature of Osteoarthritis (OA). Ageing is the primary risk factor, but how ageing results in OA is still an enigma. In OA, articular chondrocytes degrade their own matrix, while in healthy articular cartilage they preserve it.Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a central regulator of chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix production. Deregulation of TGFβ si...