Bone Abstracts

The influence of immune dysregulation on bone metabolism in children with inflammatory bowel disease: the potential for bone as a secondary lymphoid organ.Background: Whilst their clinical relevance in terms of fracture may be questioned, systemic inflammatory disorders in children impacts on their bone metabolism and reduces bone mineral density. Similar observations in adults are in part explained by interactions between lymphocytes and osteoclasts via...

Objective: The BoneXpert method for automated bone age determination from hand X-rays also determines the cortical thickness T and the bone width W in the three middle metacarpals. From these, the method derives the cortical area A=π W T (1 – T/W), the metacarpal index MCI =A/(WW) and the Bone Health Index. Recently, the method has been extended down to new-borns, and the aim of this study is to report reference curves for these bone measures.M...

Rationale and Hypothesis: Standard practice for differentiating fractures from sprains requires conventional radiographs. Up to 21% of wrist and ankle radiographs in children are negative at a local cost of over £100,000 per annum, approximately £12 million per annum across England and Wales. Our recent pilot study in adults confirmed that vibration analysis in injured patients causes no discomfort.Objectives: To assess the ability of vibration...

Objectives: To evaluate progression of BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) during pubertal development and Influence of body composition and vitamin D on BMD and BMC in children and adolescents.Material and method: This cross sectional study was part of an ongoing health survey of Delhi school children which recruited 1905 apparently healthy school children (835 boys; 1070 girls) in the age group of 6–17 years. After brief history, anthropometry and ...

Introduction: Activated protein C (APC) plays an important role in the cutaneous healing of chronic wounds arising from orthopaedic surgery and has cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties which may also assist bone repair. The aim of this study was to examine whether APC could directly influence osteoblasts and increase bone formation in a rodent model.Methods: Proliferation of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells was quantified by MTT assay and direct co...

Osteoclast resorption depends on their ability to reorganise their actin cytoskeleton and form the sealing zone. In order to resorb bone, osteoclasts become polarised by condensing their podosomes into a highly dynamic podosomal belt. The podosome turnover is regulated by several factors such as non-receptor tyrosine kinases, small GTPases and actin-binding proteins. The innate immune system responds to viral pathogens. Cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA activates the immune syst...

Since the identification of LRP5 as the causative gene for the osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) as well as the high bone mass (HBM) phenotype, LRP5 and the Wnt/β-catenin signalling have been extensively studied for their role in the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts, in the apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes and in the response of bone to mechanical loading. However, more recently the direct effect of LRP5 on osteoblasts and bone formation has...

The musculoskeletal system experiences severe mechanical strain, with repetitive or extreme strains causing significant trauma; the result being an increase in mechanobiological studies evaluating mechanical strain on musculoskeletal cells. Currently, most stretching studies utilise fibronectin-coated cultures, as these enhance cell attachment. However, recent studies suggest that fibronectin increases cell turnover and DNA damage and affects cell differentiation. Furthermore,...

Osteoclast-poor autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is characterised by susceptibility to fracture despite high bone mineral density as a consequence of an absence of osteoclasts. One of the 12 receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) mutations associated with this condition is a frameshift mutation encoding a protein that is truncated within the extracellular, N-terminal domain (R110Pfs). We investigated the effect of this mutation on osteoclast formation, receptor localisation ...

Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by bone fragility. OI type V, with autosomal dominant inheritance, is characterized by ossification of the forearm interosseus membrane, radiodense metaphyseal bands, propensity for hyperplastic callus formation, and mesh-like lamellation on bone histology. Type V OI probands are reported to have white sclerae and normal teeth. Recent reports identified the cause of type V OI as a ...