Bone Abstracts

Hip fractures are a major cause of burden in terms of mortality, disability, and costs. In Ireland, 3000 hip fracture occur annually and is expected to increase over the coming years1. Estimated cost of hip fractures is &z.euro;14 300/admission2. Outpatient non-attendance is a source of inefficiency, wasting time, resources and lengthens waiting lists. Non attendees have a significant negative impact on productivity, their own care and resources. In 2008,...

Background: There are currently 456 rare bone disease recorded within 40 groups. Within many of these diagnoses there is marked heterogeneity of severity and complications that is often not explained by current understanding of disease mechanisms. There is an urgent need to improve the care of these patients by developing novel diagnostic tests and therapies based on understanding sub-phenotypes within existing diagnostic groups.Aim: To develop a nationa...

Osteosarcoma is a heterogeneous tumor from the mesenchymal lineage, and is the most common form of primary bone cancer. Normally, lesions contain undifferentiated cancer stem cells (CSCs) that support uncontrolled growth/proliferation, and pre-osteoblasts that form excessive amounts of immature bone. CSCs are characterized by high expression of the transcriptional regulators Sox2 and yes-associated protein (YAP) that are essential for tumorigenicity. YAP is restrained by the H...

Cancer cell growth is dependent on the microenvironmental support. Prostate and mammary cancer (PCa and MCa) cells preferentially metastasize to bone, where they induce either an osteoblastic or osteolytic response. These opposite stromal responses suggest that different types of cancers adopt distinct strategies to hijack the bone marrow/bone stroma for their growth support. However, the molecular cues underlying these divergent responses are largely elusive.<p class="abs...

In this study, we evaluated the effect of the association of a bioactive glass-ceramic scaffold (Biosca) with mesenchymal stem cells derived from either bone marrow (BM-MSCs) or adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) on bone formation in calvarial defects of osteoporotic rats. Wistar rats were submitted to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) or only to the surgical stress (Sham), under approval of the Committee of Ethics in Animal Research. After 5 months, 5-mm unilateral calvarial defect was creat...

Bone metastasis (BM) is a dismal complication of cancer, occurring frequently in patients with advanced breast carcinoma. During metastatic progression, carcinoma cells harness osteoclast (OC) activity, promoting osteolysis. To adapt to hypoxia and/or to support proliferation, carcinoma cells adopt primarily glycolysis for energy production, therefore releasing lactic acid in the microenvironment through monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). Stressed by tumor cells, osteoblast...

In prostate cancer TGFβ promotes invasion and metastatic potential. One well-known cellular source of TGFβ in the bone metastatic site is the bone-forming osteoblasts. Here we have studied the effects by human osteoblast-derived factors on metastatic potential in cells from the human bone metastatic prostate cancer cell line PC-3U and the primary prostate cancer cell line 22Rv1. Osteoblast-derived factors resulted in a morphological effect with an increase of long ce...

Nacre is able to induce bone-forming cells mineralization, and gains widespread interest in bone regeneration. While, the osteoinductive compounds are not identified yet. The nacre extract, ethanol soluble matrix (ESM), was proven having the capacity to induce the mineralization of mouse MC3T3-E1 cells and to restore mineralization defect in human osteoarthritic osteoblasts. Being tested on the two cells, ESM could induce the formation of mineralization nodules, identified as ...

Betaine (BET) is a component of many food. It is an essential osmolyte and a source of methyl groups. BET consumed from food sources and through dietary supplements presents similar bioavailability. BET exerts an antioxidant activity and decreases inflammation states. Dietary supplement with BET are used in many inflammation-connected pathologies, although its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that BET stimulates muscle fibers differentiati...

Although estrogen deficiency has been considered for a long time as the main factor leading to osteoporosis (OP), several lines of evidence highlight the role of oxidative stress increase with age as a key factor in this pathology. Autophagy acts as a central mechanism allowing damaged macromolecules and organelles to be degraded and recycled, such as mitochondria, the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent publications have shown that autophagy is a new actor in...