Bone Abstracts

Background: Bone accrual during adolescence is the main contributor to peak bone mass. Bone remodeling is a balance between bone formation and resorption as directed by osteoblast and osteoclast activity, respectively. nitric oxide (NO) is a potent regulator of bone remodeling via mediating effects of cytokines, estrogen and mechanical strain. NO is synthesized from the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (...

Background: Mechanical stimulation is thought to be critical for bone anabolic activity. It is unclear how quickly the growing skeleton responds to additional externally-applied mechanical stimuli. We wished to determine the acute effect of a standardised mechanical stimulus to the growing skeleton.Objectives: To determine the acute time course and magnitude of bone’s response to whole body vibration (WBV) in pre-pubertal boys.<p class="abstext"...

This study was performed to characterize the effects of calcium phosphate coated and hydroxyapatite coated zirconia compared to smooth surfaced zirconia with bone marrow-derived osteoblast culture.Bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on i) smooth zirconia, ii) zirconia coated with calcium phosphate (CaP), and iii) zirconia coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). The tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT test) was used for examining the attachment o...

Bone remodeling and maintenance require a fine balance between bone formation of osteoblasts and resorption of osteoclasts. Therefore, various skeletal disorders cause by imbalanced differentiation and activities of these cells. RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kB ligand) induces Ca2+ oscillations and activates NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells i) during osteoclast differentiation. Although Ca2+ oscillations play a key role for osteoclastogenesis...

Background: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a rare autosomal dominant condition with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 78,000. The commonest cause of FHH is inactivating mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene, with the rest mostly caused by missense mutations of the GNA11 and AP2S1 genes. FHH is characterized by persistent mild-to-moderate hypercalcemia, hypocalciuria with calcium-creatinine clearance ratio ⩽0.01. The disease runs a benign cou...

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are widely used for treating osteoporosis and preventing osseous metastasis or hypercalcemia in cancers. However, osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients treated with BP after dentoalveolar surgery has been increasing, especially in those treated with strong BPs such as zoledronate (ZA). The pathobiology underlying the occurrence of osteonecrosis only in the jaw bone remains unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of BPs on the in...

Purpose: Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by a decrease in bone mass, density and destruction of microstructure, which can lead to an increased risk of fracture. Although many studies have been published about relationship between end-stage renal disease and osteoporosis, but research on the relationship between proteinuria and the prevalence of osteoporosis is still lacking.Methods: We assessed 91 postmenopausal women wit...

Objectives: There are some studies that evaluated changes of bone marrow density (BMD) and re-fracture after zoledronic acid injection. However, there is no study that showed about the fracture on all of the body, fracture healing, and improvement of clinical symptom after zoledronic acid injection. In this study, authors evaluated the 1 year BMD change, changes of lumbar pain in lumbar spine fractures, effects on fracture healing, re-fracture and additional fracture on other ...

Objectives: Quadriplegic children are more susceptible to osteoporosis because of various risk factors for the inhibition of bone metabolism. The importance of bone metabolism is being emphasized based on extending life span of the patients but research on this area is insufficient. Intravenous (IV) pamidronate is well known as an effective treatment for pediatric osteoporosis, but there are no treatment guidelines for accurate dose capacity and duration in quadriplegic childr...

Objectives: Optic neuropathy (ON) is a critical complication of fibrous dysplasia (FD). Early surgical decompression can prevent blindness; however, prophylactic intervention may cause blindness from intra-operative nerve damage. There is therefore a critical need to develop diagnostic tests for accurate and early detection of ON in patients with FD. Currently used methodologies, including radiographic evaluation of optic canal size and optic nerve length, are suboptimal and c...