Bone Abstracts

Background: Osteoclasts are unique multinucleated cells that originate from the fusion of monocytes. They are the only cells known to be capable of bone resorption. Interestingly, the foreign body multinucleated giant cell (FBGC) arises from the same lineage as the osteoclast, and they share numerous similar characteristics, among which the expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP). Yet, it is not known whether the FBGC has the capacity to resorb bone.<p cl...

Background: Osteoclasts (OCs) are bone-degrading cells that differentiate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In human, three monocyte subsets have been identified: classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes. We have previously demonstrated that comparable numbers of OCs can be generated from these subsets on plastic, but that the number of OCs significantly differs when the monocytes are cultured on bone. It is plausible that the observed differences are associated...

Cancer cell growth is dependent on the microenvironmental support. Prostate and mammary cancer (PCa and MCa) cells preferentially metastasize to bone, where they induce either an osteoblastic or osteolytic response. These opposite stromal responses suggest that different types of cancers adopt distinct strategies to hijack the bone marrow/bone stroma for their growth support. However, the molecular cues underlying these divergent responses are largely elusive.<p class="abs...

Objectives: Osteopenia is a complication of childhood cancer treatment but it is unknown to which extend this occurs in adult survivors, and which subgroups are at risk. We examined bone mineral density (BMD) and assed the relative importance of potential determinants of low BMD in very long-term adult survivors of childhood cancer.Methods: The single-center cohort study included 410 adult CCSs (median age at diagnosis: 6.6 years (range: 0–17 years)...

Few drugs generate bone-stimulatory effects via epigenetic mechanisms. Modulation of CpG-residues hydroxymethylation in gene-promoters of key osteoblast-related factors (e.g., DLX5) induces their expression and increases osteoblast differentiation in vitro. The chemical properties of sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound abundantly present in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, suggest that it may have similar molecular and biological effects. Previous stu...

Mesenchymal cells alter and retain their phenotype during skeletal development through activation or suppression of signaling pathways. For example, we have shown that Wnt3a only stimulates osteoblast differentiation in cells with intrinsic osteogenic potential (e.g., MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts) and not in fat cell precursors or fibroblasts (respectively, 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes or NIH3T3 fibroblasts). Wnt3a promotes osteogenesis in part by stimulating autocrine production of the ...

Background: Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) is a progressive disease characterized by periods of heterotopic ossification, often in ligaments. The underlying mechanism is far from clear, partially due to limited access to patient-derived cell models. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF) from extracted teeth can potentially be used to study deviant bone remodelling processes in vitro since these cells are derived from actual ligaments. They further provid...

The relationship between BMD T-score and FX risk has not been established in patients receiving osteoporosis therapy. In the FREEDOM Extension study, continuous DMAb therapy for up to 10 years increased BMD levels with no therapeutic plateau at lumbar spine or TH [Bone et al, ASBMR 2015]. Such improvements would only be meaningful if associated with FX reductions. We investigated the relationship between TH BMD T-score and NVFX in women who received DMAb during FREEDOM and tho...

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders of bone formation, resulting in low bone mass and an increased propensity to fracture. It is a variable condition with a range of clinical severity. About 90% of patients with a clinical diagnosis of OI have a mutation in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes, which shows an autosomal dominant pattern (AD) of inheritance. Other genes are associated with the autosomal recessive (AR) ...

Abstract unavailable....