Bone Abstracts

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Patients with osteoporosis require treatment with therapies that reduce the risk of fracture which at the spine is significantly influenced by bone microarchitecture. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) allow measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), a known indicator of fracture risk. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a novel gray-level measurement derived from spine DXA image texture that is related to microarchitecture and associates wit...

C5aR is a membrane-associated receptor for C5a, a potent immune mediator generated after complement activation. C5aR expressed in tumor infiltrating immune cells creates a favorable microenvironment for tumor progression. However, the expression of C5aR by cancer cells and its contribution to their malignant phenotype is poorly understood. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that high levels of C5aR in human lung tumors were associated with poor survival (P=0.005) a...

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Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor (Y1R) signalling has been shown to play a key role in bone homeostasis, emerging as a novel therapeutic target in bone diseases. Y1R knockout mice (Y1−/−) display a high-bone mass phenotype that has been mainly attributed to increased osteoblast activity. Nevertheless, the Y1R regulatory role on osteoclastogenesis and matrix resorption remains largely unknown. To clarify th...

Objective: FOP is a rare, severely disabling disease characterized by episodic flare-ups and accumulation of heterotopic ossification (HO) leading to restricted movement, physical disability, and early death. Data from two Phase 2 interventional studies and one natural history study (NHS) were used to evaluate whether palovarotene could reduce HO following an FOP flare-up.Methods: HO volume at the flare-up site was determined by CT at baseline and 12 wee...

Background: Osteoclasts are unique multinucleated cells that originate from the fusion of monocytes. They are the only cells known to be capable of bone resorption. Interestingly, the foreign body multinucleated giant cell (FBGC) arises from the same lineage as the osteoclast, and they share numerous similar characteristics, among which the expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP). Yet, it is not known whether the FBGC has the capacity to resorb bone.<p cl...

Background: Osteoclasts (OCs) are bone-degrading cells that differentiate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In human, three monocyte subsets have been identified: classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes. We have previously demonstrated that comparable numbers of OCs can be generated from these subsets on plastic, but that the number of OCs significantly differs when the monocytes are cultured on bone. It is plausible that the observed differences are associated...

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Natural products have been regarded as important sources of potential chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity of oleuropein, an olive oil compound traditionally found in the Mediterranean diet.Design and Methods: The antiproliferative activity on two human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63 and Saos2) was evaluated in vitro using the MTT c...

Heritability of bone mineral density (BMD) varies at skeletal sites, possibly reflecting different relative contributions of environmental and genetic influences. To quantify shared genetic influences across different sites, we estimated the genetic correlation of BMD at the upper limb (UL), lower limb (LL) and skull (S) obtained from whole body DXA scans, using bivariate genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA). The study (n=9395) combined data from the Avon Longitu...