Bone Abstracts

Pradaxa (dabigatran etexilate) is a new anticoagulant, which recently has been approved for clinical use. Dabigatran etexilate (DE) is a direct thrombin inhibitor, which in addition to its effect on blood clotting, may have an anabolic effect on bone. Recently, it has been reported that DE could significantly reduce bone resorption and enhance bone formation resulting in a significant and substantial increase in trabecular bone mass in mice.The aim of th...

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Bone tissue engineering relies on the combination of scaffolds and cells aiming to heal bone defects. Among the many candidates for scaffolds, gelatin sponge (Gelfoam®) and fibrin glue (Tissucol®) are of interest due to the well-established biocompatibility and the ability to be loaded with cells. Here, we evaluated their potential to stimulate bone formation by microtomography analysis. For this, 5-mm unilateral calvarial defect was created in rats deeply anesthetiz...

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of interest in the fields of cell therapy and tissue engineering thanks to their potential of differentiating into distinct cell lineages, e.g. osteoblast, chondrocyte, myoblast, and adipocyte. As the capacity of differentiation may vary according to the cell source, here, we compared the potential of osteoblast differentiation of MSCs derived from either bone marrow or adipose tissue. MSCs from rat bone marrow and adipose tissue were cu...

The healing of bone fractures is a tightly regulated process where released growth factors and cytokines interplay within an inflammatory environment in order to reestablish the functional bone. Recent studies have suggested that endothelial cells may dedifferentiate into mesenchymal multipotent cells via a mechanism called endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EndoMT). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a critical role inducing EndoMT. Subsequent differenti...

Osteoclasts are produced by fusion of pre-osteoclasts derived from stem cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage in the presence of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) produced by osteoblasts. The phytoestrogens; genistein and daidzein, which are isoflavones found in Leguminosae such as soybeans, are currently being investigated for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to exert a bone protectiv...

Bisphosphonates (BPs) such as zoledronic acid (ZA) are widely used to treat bone diseases. The use of BPs can lead to osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), but it is not clear why in particular the jaw bone is affected. Previously, it was shown that osteoclasts derived from different bone sites have different properties. We hypothesize that BPs have distinct effects on bone-site specific osteoclasts or precursors. To investigate this, female C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitone...

The PTH type 1 receptor (PTH1R) is an important modulator of bone remodeling. In mice, PTH1R ablation in osteocytes produces trabecular bone reduction and impaired calcium homeostasis; meanwhile, its overexpression in these cells promotes periosteal and endocortical bone formation. Osteocytes can translate mechanical stimuli into bone-forming signals. Skeletal unloading induces osteocyte apoptosis and bone loss, whereas mechanical stimuli prevent osteocyte apoptosis through in...

Caffeine is a methylxanthine found in many foods and is widely consumed by the human population. Therefore, its effects and mechanisms in various tissues have been widely studied. But despite changing the postnatal bone growth, there are few studies about its effect on growth cartilage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the In vitro effects of caffeine on proliferation, apoptosis and gene transcripts expression of chondrogenic differentiation in growth carti...

Despite the presence of skeletal anomalies in fetuses of female rats treated with caffeine, their effect on bone’s formation and growth have not yet been elucidated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on the formation and endochondral bone growth in rats. There had been used 36 Wistar rats distributed among the control group and others treated with caffeine at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. Treated groups received caffeine daily throughou...