Bone Abstracts

Introduction: Bone mineral density decreases before menopause and is held to be due to trabecular, not cortical, bone loss. Yet neither a negative bone balance, nor accelerated remodelling occurs before 45 years of age. We hypothesized that bone loss will first appear after 45 years and will be cortical (as 80% of bone is cortical).Methods/design: Images of distal tibia acquired using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (Scanco Me...

see PP167....

Objective: The protein kinases, PKR, and PERK have been implicated in pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated cartilage degradation in vitro and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced arthritis respectively. The objective of this study was to establish whether loss of P58IPK, an inhibitor of PKR and PERK, results in a degenerative joint phenotype in vivo.Methods: Sections of knee joints from P58IPK-null and wild-type mice...

The G protein-coupled receptor, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), is expressed by osteoblasts and required for normal skeletal growth and repair. Prostate cancer (PCa) cells commonly secrete proteolytic activators of PAR2 (including matriptase and kallikrein-related peptidase 4) and frequently form osteogenic metastases in bone. This study was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that PAR2 activators released by PCa cells modulate osteo...

Participation in high impact sports during growth increases bone quality. Gymnasts have previously displayed increased bone mass and strength at both the upper and lower limbs compared with controls. However, it is not yet understood how bone microarchitecture is affected by gymnastics participation, and if this differs based on gymnastics discipline. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of gymnastics discipline on bone microarchitecture in a...

Shwachman Diamond syndrome (SDS; MIM 260400) is a monogenic, autosomal recessive, pancreatic condition often accompanied by low bone mass and fracture. In SDS, as in cystic fibrosis, a low bone mass may be secondary to poor nutrition or chronic low-grade infection, but it has also been suggested there may be a primary bone phenotype. Paradoxically, recent studies in cell lines and in a mouse knockout for the SBDS gene, have suggested changes in important osteoclast gr...

Background: Treatments that result in greater increases in bone mass of normal quality by increasing bone formation rather than decreasing resorption are needed. Abaloparatide is a synthetic analog of PTHrP1-34 that has shown strong efficacy to increase bone mass and bone strength in animals. We conducted two phase 2 placebo-controlled studies both of which included abaloparatide 80 μg sc daily (ABL) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Study 1 also inclu...

Extreme high bone mass (HBM) may be monogenic (e.g. LRP5 mutations) or polygenic, due to variants in the same genes determining bone mineral density (BMD) as found in the general population. We aimed to determine how variation in established BMD loci, in different functional pathways, explains the HBM phenotype.241 unexplained HBM cases (lumbar spine(LS)1+total hip(TH) Z-scores≥+4.4) were recruited from 15 UK centres, by screening...

Objective: Nutritional rickets in Nigerian children is primarily due to dietary calcium deficiency and heals with calcium supplementation. Our aim was to determine the optimal dose of calcium for treatment of children with rickets due to dietary calcium deficiency.Methods: At the Jos University Teaching Hospital, 65 Nigerian children with radiographically-confirmed rickets were randomized to daily supplemental calcium intake of 500 mg (n=21), 10...

Cases of non-vitamin D deficiency rickets have been reported in African countries including The Gambia, South Africa and Nigeria where the likely aetiology is a chronically low dietary calcium intake. Additional aetiological factors in Gambian studies are iron deficiency leading to a disruption in phosphate metabolism.Surgical correction of pathological rickets-like lower-limb deformities is the most common operation performed at the Beit Cure Orthopaedi...