Bone Abstracts

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) catalyzes the cross-linking of collagens and elastin in the extracellular matrix, thereby regulating the tensile strength of many tissues, such as in bone. In cancer, LOX plays a critical role in facilitating tumor growth and metastasis formation in soft tissues. In this study, we first showed by immunohistochemistry using patients’ tumor specimens, that LOX was expressed in the desmoplastic tumor stroma of pairs of colorectal carcinomas and their matc...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence increases with age and the disease predisposes to increased risk of fractures and skeletal complications. One possible contributor to skeletal weakening in diabetes is a decline in blood supply. We hypothesised that bone blood flow is impaired in diabetic mice and that chronic administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) can increase blood flow to bone, thereby stimulating bone formation and improving bone architectu...

Obesity, diabetes, and high fracture risk is linked, but the mechanism is unclear. However, impaired acute adipose tissue inflammation may be a common denominator for these conditions. Impaired adipose tissue inflammation leads to low adipogenesis, insufficient adipose expansion, and signs of diabetes.The aim of this study was to investigate if the low adipogenesis induced by impaired adipose tissue inflammation is coupled to increased osteoblastogenesis...

The bone organ integrates the activity of bone tissue, bone marrow, and blood vessels and the factors ensuring this coordination remain ill defined. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is with osteopontin (OPN) a member of the small integrin binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family, involved in bone formation, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. In rodents, bone marrow ablation induces a rapid formation of medullary bone which peaks by ~8 days (d8) and is blunted in BSP...

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Bisphosphonates (BP) are used as anti-resorptive drugs in benign (osteoporosis) and malignant (myeloma, bone metastasis) bone diseases. Their high affinity for biominerals allows prolonged storage within bone. However information about molecular impact of BP on bone quality are missing. Better understanding of BP properties to optimize their clinical use is needed. The aim of this study was thus to investigate human bone physicochemical changes upon BP uptake.<p class="abs...

The healing of bone fractures is a tightly regulated process where released growth factors and cytokines interplay within an inflammatory environment in order to reestablish the functional bone. Recent studies have suggested that endothelial cells may dedifferentiate into mesenchymal multipotent cells via a mechanism called endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EndoMT). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a critical role inducing EndoMT. Subsequent differenti...

In clinical research protocols, HR-pQCT images (XtremCT Scanco, voxel size: 82 (μm3) are carried out to evaluate trabecular and cortical bone changes induced by osteoporosis and treatments. Micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) has become a standard tool for examination of trabecular and cortical bone in 3D.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of cortical and trabecular measurements derived from HR-pQCT images with morpho...

The aim of the study is to compare the performance of FRAX vs TBS adjusted FRAX using Leslie B et al.1 method to better identify women at high fracture risk. The OsteoLaus cohort (1500 women 50–80 years living in Lausanne, CH) started in 2010. CRF for OP, FRAX, spine and hip BMD, VFA by DXA and TBS were recorded. Sensitivity and specificity in regard to vertebral fracture grade 2 and 3 has been calculated. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) had als...

Brittle bones have been reported in children, adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF), independently of sex; this has been termed CF-related bone disease. In CF patients with the F508del mutation in the (Cftr) gene, vertebral fractures and the subsequent dorsal kyphosis decrease pulmonary function, thus accelerating the course of the disease. Mice with the homozygous F508del mutation in CFTR develop a severe osteopenic phenotype early on, in both sexes (Le He...