Bone Abstracts

Recent meta-analyses of vitamin D without co-administration of calcium have not demonstrated fracture prevention, possibly through lack of power, inappropriate choice of doses, or failure to target the intervention to deficient populations. Bone mineral density (BMD) is able to detect biologically significant effects in much smaller cohorts, so is a relevant surrogate measure with which to re-assess the skeletal efficacy of these supplements. We searched Web of Science, Embase...

Background: Low vitamin D concentrations among children and adolescents at northern latitudes are frequently observed. Also, inverse associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and PTH concentrations have been found in children of different ages. More studies on the link between vitamin D status and childhood bone health are needed.Objective: To evaluate the status of serum 25(OH)D in autumn and the association between 25(OH)D concentrations and b...

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is used to stimulate bone formation in osteoporotic patients, however concerns have been raised about the quality of the matrix produced since lower levels of total matrix mineral have been reported in osteoporotic and fracture patients treated with PTH. High resolution synchrotron-based Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy (sFTIRM) was used to determine mineral content in age-matched bone during anabolic PTH treatment, using the simplified lamellar ...

The regions of the proximal femur that are at greater risk of structural failure during a fall are those with less adaptive protection promoted by mechanical loading of the activities of daily living. Considering the associations between bone geometry of the proximal femur with bone fracture risk, we intended to examine how geometrical characteristics of the proximal femur (FNL, femoral neck length; FNW, femoral neck width; NSA, neck shaft angle) moderate the effect of mechani...

Although trials have shown that exercise has positive effects on bone mineral density (BMD), not all exercise modalities are osteogenic and the majority of exercise trials have been conducted in older women. The aim of this study was to systematically review trials examining the effect of weight-bearing and resistance-based exercise modalities on the BMD of hip and lumbar spine of middle-aged and older men. Eight electronic databases were searched in August 2012. Only randomis...

Aim: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adolescent Muslim girls attending a school in the UK, which adheres to a conservative dress code.Methods: Fifty-six (31%) out of 180 girls attending a Muslim High School for Girls (median age 13.2years, (IQR 12.5–13.8 years)) took part in this cross-sectional study. Seventy-nine percent (n=45) were of South Asian origin, 3.5% were Black African origin (n=2), 1.8% was Mi...

Thyrotoxicosis results in osteoporosis, and thyroid hormone (T3) stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption by unknown mechanisms. We previously demonstrated that knockout mice lacking thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα0/0) are euthyroid but have high bone mass, whereas mice lacking TRβ (TRβ−/−) are thyrotoxic and osteoporotic. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) staining revealed osteoclast numbers were reduced by 13% (<...

Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIO) occurs in patients undergoing therapeutic intervention for inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. The effect of long-term GC administration on bone turnover was investigated in two frequently used mouse strains; C57BL/6 and CD1 in order to assess the influence of genetic background.GIO was induced in 12 weeks old female C57BL/6 and CD1 mice by s.c. insertion of long-term (60 days) rel...

Muscle and loading force application alters bone structure and increases bone mineral density (BMD), particularly during growth. However, bone microarchitectural texture, as assessed by the trabecular bone score (TBS), changes during growth is unknown. We hypothesized that TBS would be positively correlated with growth and higher in growing girls participating in regular physical exercise.68 girls (mean age 12±0.3 years; BMI 18±2.8 kg/m2</...

Osteosarcoma is a heterogeneous tumor from the mesenchymal lineage, and is the most common form of primary bone cancer. Normally, lesions contain undifferentiated cancer stem cells (CSCs) that support uncontrolled growth/proliferation, and pre-osteoblasts that form excessive amounts of immature bone. CSCs are characterized by high expression of the transcriptional regulators Sox2 and yes-associated protein (YAP) that are essential for tumorigenicity. YAP is restrained by the H...