Bone Abstracts

This study aims at determining if casein would lead to a better bone status than soy in the context of a moderate protein restriction (6% of total energy intake) in growing mice.Ten-week-old female Balb/C mice were divided in four groups of 15 animals. Two groups received 6% of their energy intake as protein, one as casein and the other as soy protein. The third group was a normal-protein control receiving 20% soy protein. The last group (positive contro...

Cadmium (Cd) is regarded as a risk factor for various bone diseases in humans and experimental animals. To compare effects of different routes of Cd administration on femoral bone structure, ten 4-month-old male Wistar rats (group A) were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 2 mg CdCl2/kg body weight and killed 36 h after Cd had been injected. Ten 1-month-old male rats (group B) were dosed with a daily Cd intake of 30 mg CdCl2/l in drinking wa...

Introduction: The vitamins as B6, C, or D are involved in serotonin metabolism but mostly in central neurotransmitter pathways. There are very few clear data related to 25-OH vitamin D status and serum serotonin (SS) levels.Aim: We analyze the SS and 25-OH D.Materials and methods: We included women in menopause. The serum serotonin (SS; normal 100–400 ng/ml) and 25-OH vitamin D (normal 30–100 ng/ml) were performed in fast...

Tumors contain a small population of cancer stem cells (CSC) proposed to be responsible for tumor maintenance and relapse. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity has been used as a functional stem cell marker to isolate CSCs in different cancer types. This study used the Aldefluor assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis to isolate ALDH1high cells from five human sarcoma cell lines and one primary chordoma cell line. ALDH1high cell...

Bone is the primary site of metastasis for breast cancer, which leads mainly to osteolytic lesions, Cancer cells can expand into the bone for their ability to ‘dialogue’ with resident cells, interfering with the physiological processes of bone turnover. In this study, a large-scale analysis comparing gene expression of biopsies of bone and visceral metastases from human breast cancer patients showed that the receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying protein-2 (...

Glycosphingolipids (GSL) are essential structural components of mammalian cell membranes and lipid rafts that exert pleiotropic effects on cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Cancer associated GSL have been shown to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis; however their role in osteoclast (OC) activation and the development of osteolytic bone diseases such as multiple myeloma are not known. We investigated the hypothesis that GSL contribute to OC acti...

Introduction: Bone mineral density (BMD) evaluations have shown that adjuvant chemotherapy or endocrine therapy (ET) for early breast cancer (BC) is associated with accelerated BMD loss and increased fracture risk. In recent studies, zoledronic acid (ZOL) increased BMD in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with BC, and improved disease-free survival in some patient subsets compared with no ZOL. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of adjuvant trea...

Constant remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) is a hallmark during physiological conditions, such as stem cell differentiation, embryogenesis and tissue repair. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play a key role in these processes. MMPs, MMP-activator (EMMPRIN/CD147) and MMP-inhibitors (TIMPs and RECK) are responsible for bone matrix remodeling and, probably, determinate the level of its turnover. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp are multipotent and have the ca...

Identifying novel molecules that enhance human skeletal (mesenchymal) stem cells (hMSC) differentiation into osteoblastic bone forming cells (OB), may lead to development of new bone anabolic drugs. We have identified Kix, a small molecule kinase inhibitor that enhanced ex vivo OB differentiation and reduced apoptosis of hMSC. We found that Kix targeted undifferentiated hMSC populations and not their differentiated progeny. In addition, Kix increased in vivo ...

The healing of bone fractures is a tightly regulated process where released growth factors and cytokines interplay within an inflammatory environment in order to reestablish the functional bone. Recent studies have suggested that endothelial cells may dedifferentiate into mesenchymal multipotent cells via a mechanism called endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EndoMT). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a critical role inducing EndoMT. Subsequent differenti...