Bone Abstracts

Background: Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (PHP1A) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene GNAS. It is characterized by multi-hormone resistance, obesity, cognitive impairment and the Albright hereditary osteodystrophy phenotype. A recent study found a 4.4-fold increase risk of sleep apnea in children with PHP1A compared with similarly obese children.Objective: To describe a case of morbid obesity and respiratory failure in ...

Objectives: Cross-sectional studies show that exercise may have positive effects on bone outcomes in youth. However, there is no evidence from longitudinal studies, which type of sports can induce improvements in bone acquisition in adolescent athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the longitudinal differences in bone acquisition and bone metabolism between adolescent males participating in osteogenic (football) and non-osteogenic (swimming, cycling) sports compa...

In order to examine metabolic and biophysical parameters arising from obesity, male rats were given to drinking 30% sucrose (p/v) for 8 weeks. During the experimental period, animals in the control group (C) consumed higher amounts of food and water, but the body mass was smaller than the group receiving sucrose (S). In this group, the caloric load given to the animals for eight weeks resulted in increased energy consumption, in glycemia and in plasma leptin and abdominal fat....

Although EGF has been known to inhibit osteoblast differentiation, its molecular mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. Smurf1 acts as a negative regulator of BMP signaling by inducing ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of BMP type I receptor and R-Smads. In this study, we investigated the effect of EGF on the expression of Smurf1 and the role of Smurf1 in EGF-induced inhibition of BMP2-induced osteogenesis. EGF increased Smurf1 expression which was blocked by trea...

Children with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) need chronic glucocorticoid (cGC) therapy to replace congenital deficit of cortisol synthesis, and this therapy is the most frequent and severe form of drug-induced osteoporosis. In the study we enrolled 18 patients (9 females) and 18 sex- and age-matched controls. We found in 21-OHD patients high serum and leukocyte levels of dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a secreted antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, known to be a key...

The childhood and adolescent years represent a critical period for bone acquisition. Extrinsic factors such as diet and physical activity represent modifiable variables that may have a significant impact on a young adult’s peak bone mass. This lecture will consider dietary supplementation with specific nutrients as a strategy to augment bone density during the childhood and teenage years. An overview will be provided, as well as data reviewed from supplementation trials i...

Bone metastasis is a frequent occurrence in cancer patients, with severe complications such as fracture, bone pain, and hypercalcemia. The pathogenesis of osteolyitc bone metastasis depends on cross-communications between tumor cells and various stromal cells residing in the bone microenvironment. Many of these interactions are mediated by tumor derived growth factors, cytokines, proteases, and other secreted and exosomal proteins. Using gene expression profiling and proteomic...

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTb) is an osteolytic neoplasia with tendency to local recurrence (10–25%), while metastases or malignant transformation are described in 1–4% of cases.It is composed by three distinct populations that cross-talk each other generating unbalance in bone remodeling and activation of NF-kB signaling pathway.To identify new candidate biological markers useful for improving clinical management of GC...

Periostin (osteoblast-specific factor OSF-2) is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the POSTN gene. It is a component of the extracellular matrix and is thought to be involved in osteoblast recruitment, attachment and spreading.The N-terminus part of periostin is conserved, while the C-terminal region gives rise to different splice isoforms upon alternative splicing. The isoforms have a molecular weight range from 83 to 93 kDa.<p class="abste...

Notch signaling plays a central role in various cell fate decisions, including skeletal development. Recently, Notch signaling was implicated in osteoclast differentiation and maturation, including the resorption activity of osteoclasts. However, the specific involvement of notch signaling in resorption activity was not fully investigated. Here, we investigated the roles of Notch signaling in the resorption activity of osteoclasts by use of the γ-secretase inhibitor diben...