Bone Abstracts

Bone remodeling and maintenance require a fine balance between bone formation of osteoblasts and resorption of osteoclasts. Therefore, various skeletal disorders cause by imbalanced differentiation and activities of these cells. RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kB ligand) induces Ca2+ oscillations and activates NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells i) during osteoclast differentiation. Although Ca2+ oscillations play a key role for osteoclastogenesis...

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways is critical to osteoclastogenesis. Glossogyne tenuifolia has been used as an antipyretic, detoxication, and anti-inflammatory herb tea in Penghu Island, Taiwan. This study investigated the effects of G. tenuifolia ethanolic extract (GTE) on the formation of RANKL-activating osteoclasts and expression of signaling pathways using a RAW264.7 ...

A clinical and densitometric study was performed in the group of 62 adults with cerebral palsy (CP) under institutionalized care in the district of Przemyśl (Southern Poland), 12 of whom had the history of 15 radiologically confirmed non-phalangeal limb fractures. The study assessed correlation between the prevalence of fractures and age, body mass, locomotor abilities determined by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), presence of epilepsy, antiepileptic dr...

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing multinucleated cells that differentiate from monocyte/macrophage-lineage precursors. Bone destruction and osteoporosis are attributed to excessively activated osteoclasts. Osteoclast differentiation is governed by diverse regulatory processes including nuclear factor-activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) activation in response to RANKL. The mechanism of epigenetic regulation of NFATc1 in osteoclastogenesis not investigated yet. Here we test a hypothesis ...

Background: Calcinosis cutis, the deposition of insoluble calcium salts in the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, is rare during infancy. Calcifications are most frequently reported after subcutaneous fat necrosis, hypothermia in neonates or following extravasation of calcium gluconate.Presenting problem: The patient was born at term by caesarean section because of fetal distress; the birth weight was 2426 g. At age 4 weeks, he was admitted to the hospit...

A mixture of Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are added to commercial infant formula to promote an intestinal microbiota similar to that prevalent in breast-fed infants to improve Ca bioavailability and general health, but their mechanisms are under debate.Our objective was to evaluate the beneficial effects of the mixture of GOS/FOS added to infant formulae, on the absorption of Ca, Mg and P of a low Ca diet. Changes in in...

Introduction: The utility of the determination of bone turnover markers in the evaluation of fracture risk at the patient level is not well-established. In type 2 diabetes (T2DM) there is an increased risk of fractures despite of higher bone mineral density. A recent study shows that a femoral neck T-score of −2.1 in males and −1.9 in females with T2DM present the same fracture risk than subjects without diabetes with a T-score −2.5 (Schwart...

Introduction: Bisphosphonates are drugs of first choice in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis; they inhibit bone resorbtion.Aim: This study evaluates the efficiency of bisphosphonates (alendronic acid+cholecalciferol 70 mg/5600 IU per weekly vs risedronic acid 35 mg/weekly vs ibandronic acid 150 mg/monthly) after 1 year of therapy.Methods: We present the results of a retrospective study which included 40 women with postme...

Relatively little is known about immediate consequences of continuing vs interrupting long-term bisphosphonate treatment. This report describes changes in bone turnover and BMD in a 1-year, dose-finding trial of the calcium-sensing receptor antagonist MK-5442 in postmenopausal, BP-treated women, randomized to continued alendronate 70 mg weekly, switch to placebo, or switch to MK-5442. Recruited women (n=526) had taken alendronate for ≥12 months and an oral BP fo...

In this case report, we present a brother and sister with hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets (HVDRR). Both children presented at the age of 18 months with severe rickets and elevated serum levels of 1,25-(OH)2D3. They differ from each other in that the girl presented with hypophosphatemia instead of hypocalcemia. Besides, she developed alopecia earlier than the boy and needed more 1,25-(OH)2D3 supplementation. Interestingly, the ...