Bone Abstracts

Denosumab (DMAb) significantly improves bone strength at the hip, estimated by FEA from QCT scans, from baseline (B/L) and vs placebo (Pbo) (Keaveny ASBMR 2010). We determined the extent and distribution of mass and thickness changes at the proximal femur, a key skeletal site for fracture risk, using a novel cortical bone mapping technique on the same serial QCT scans. A FREEDOM substudy included 80 women who underwent hip QCT scanning at B/L and months 12, 24 and 36 during DM...

In adults, majority of bone marrow (BM) space of long bones is filled with fat tissue. Adipocytes are also present within trabecular bone areas such as vertebral bodies. Despite its prevalence the roles of BM fat in energy and bone metabolism have been largely overlooked. To characterize bone marrow metabolic activity we measured regional glucose uptake in femoral and vertebral bone marrow during fasting and insulin stimulation in normal weight healthy subjects.<p class="a...

Objectives: Impairment of bone mass accrual and alterations of bone metabolism is a common finding in HIV-infected youths. In particular, previous studies demonstrated higher bone formation and bone resorption rates in HIV-infected children and adolescents. Wnt ligands promote bone formation by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and their survival. Recent studies demonstrated that sclerostin (Scl) and dickkopf factor 1 (DKK-1), Wnt antagonists, are important negative regul...

Background: A 5-month-old girl was referred to our unit after a systemic screening for hip dislocation by X-rays revealed bilateral femoral bowing. She was the first child of healthy non-consanguineous parents, and her family history was unremarkable. Her parents had a normal physical examination, and normal laboratory findings. At presentation, her height was 64.0 cm (Z-score: 0.0) with a regular height velocity. Weight was 7.4 kg (Z-score: 1.0). On physical...

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, an increased fracture risk is observed, although the bone mineral density is even higher than in non-diabetic patients. This raises the question of the quality of the organic and inorganic matrix in bone1–3. T2DM is also known to forward dysfunctions in the development of soft tissues such as brittle skin due to cross-linking of the collagen or inflammation of the gingiva. For the latter, a possible influence of diab...

Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a bone derived phosphate-regulating hormone which is elevated in hypophosphataemic rickets. Recent findings demonstrate iron deficiency as a potential mediator of FGF23 expression and murine studies have shown in utero effects of maternal iron deficiency leading to increased FGF23 concentration and disordered bone development (Clinkenbeard. JBMR 2013). Children with rickets in rural Gambia, West Africa, have high prevalences of i...

Bone accrual and the attainment of peak bone mass influence an individual’s predisposition to fracture or osteoporosis later in life. The developmental tempo and the movement of the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of the appendicular skeleton during growth result in variations in bone mineral content and density. During puberty the differential in peak height and peak bone mass accretion negatively influence bone strength. A surrogate measure of bone strength is the met...

Objectives: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) – is a chronic inflammatory disease of joints which can affect optimal linear growth, risk of fractures and bone quality during the childhood and adult life. The aim of our study was to detect the simple clinical and laboratorial markers which can predict the realization of low bone mineral density (LBMD <−2 S.D.) in children with JIA.Methods: 198 children (82 boys and 116 girl...

Objective: Our earlier study using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry had shown that longer duration of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in children was associated with small and slender bones. The objective of this study was to assess bone geometry in children and adolescents with T1DM using a pQCT.Methods: We studied 69 children (8.3 to 18.7 years of age, 29 boys) with T1DM. Anthropometry and biochemical assessments (glycosylated Hb (HbA1c), Vitamin D and PTH) wer...

Background: X linked hypophosphataemic rickets is the commonest cause of renal phosphate wasting, however sporadic cases may warrant additional investigations to exclude less common causes, as exemplified by our case.Presenting problem: A 3 year 7 month boy was referred for assessment and ongoing management of rickets and short stature (height less than 1st %.) He originally presented with leg bowing and waddling gait from the age of 12 months...