Bone Abstracts

Human skeletal dysplasias consist of over 450 distinct conditions that affect the development and maintenance of bone and cartilage. Broadly they can be characterized by those that affect primarily bone, i.e., the osteodysplasias, vs those that affect cartilage, i.e., the chondrodysplasia. However, the lines dividing these two are increasingly blurred as we recognized them to be a spectrum of osteochondrodysplasias. Importantly, the advent of next generation sequencing has led...

Objective: To compare whether interval BMD changes in adolescent females that can be detected using conventional dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can also be detected using quantitative peripheral quantitative computerized tomography scans (pQCT) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS)of the os calcis.Methods: Two groups of adolescent females were recruited for assessment of BMD changes over an interval of 22–24 months. These included full time coll...

Background: Prolonged hypothalamic amenorrhoea with anovulation has been associated with hypo-oestrogenism in adolescents and has been shown to be associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) values.Objective: To determine whether differences in BMD between oligo/amenorrhoeic adolescents at risk of low BMD and normal eumenorrhoeic controls can be detectable by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the os calcis.Methods: Adolescents ...

Growth plate cartilage is solely responsible for bone lengthening in children. Injury upon growth plate is often repaired by bony tissue which leads to bone growth defects such as limb length discrepancies or bone angulation deformity at later life. Earlier studies using an established rat growth plate injury model have identified a series of repair phases; inflammatory, fibrogenic, osteogenesis and remodelling repair phases. Currently, the cellular and molecular mechanisms in...

Adaptive responses of the skeleton to loading changes architecture and physical properties in order to optimise strength for function. However, bone is subjected to many local and circulating osteotropic factors, most acting on G-protein coupled receptors. Receptor activity modifying protein-3 is a single trans-membrane domain receptor accessory protein, which aids in trafficking of calcitonin and calcitonin-like receptors to the cell surface and changes ligand selectivity. As...

Purpose: The aims of this study were (1) to assess the topographical and chemical changes of Ca and Mg ion implantation procedures using plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) technique and (2) to evaluate cellular response of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) to Ca and Mg ion-implanted titanium surface, compared with resorbable blast media (RBM)-treated titanium surface by observing cell attachment, proliferation and gene expression ...

Autogenous bone graft has been used in the treatment of a fracture, non-union, and bone defect. However, bone graft substitutes have been developed and used because of the limited amount or donor site morbidity of the autogenous bone graft. Many kinds of bone graft substitutes including osteoconductive materials and osteoinductive materials are used for improving bone healing. Osteoconductive materials help to provide a three-dimensional structure to support the ingrowth of th...

Calcium and vitamin D are essential components for bone health, thus calcium and vitamin D supplementation is an important strategy in the management of osteoporosis.However, the benefit of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone health is still controversial. Moreover, potentially harmful effects of excessive calcium supplementation on cardiovascular health are recently suggested. Too high a level of vitamin D has been also reported to have severa...

Background: Height is required for interpretation of bone mineral density in children and is often challenging in non-weight bearing children. Monitoring of linear growth in non-weight bearing children as part of assessment of bone health is also important.Objective: To investigate the feasibility of a novel method of using DXA images to measure height (Ht), sitting height (SH) and leg length (LL).Methods: Ht and SH were measured o...

Background: Both osteoporosis and tooth loss are major health problems that are frequently observed in postmenopausal women. Authors in this study investigated the relationship between low bone mineral density and edentulism.Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012. A total of 2129 postmenopausal women (50–80 years), who had bone mineral density measured and ha...