Bone Abstracts

Introduction: Insulin sensitising agents are reported to have a diverse range of effects on bone with metformin exerting positive effects and thiazolidinenediones (TZDs) exerting negative effects. 5’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a critical role in cellular energy homeostasis. It is widely expressed in the body and can be activated by metformin.Objective:: We investigated the role of AMPK pathway in mediating the effects of metformin on t...

Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) has been traditionally hampered by poor persistence and adherence to short-term (≤1-monthly) medications. The efficacy of 6-monthly (Q6M) denosumab treatment has been proven in clinical trials, but effectiveness will be dependent on persistence and adherence in routine clinical practice. This study is designed to evaluate real-world persistence and adherence to denosumab, and to establish how this is best assessed in long-ac...

Morbidity and mortality are associated with osteoporosis and sarcopenia. There are few data describing the associations between functional measures of muscle and bone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the associations of muscle strength and tibial bone outcomes in ageing men.Men (n=301) aged 40–85 years were recruited in UK (201-White, 43-Black, 57-South-Asian). pQCT was performed at the 38 and 66% tibia with the outcome meas...

Introduction: Lower bone mineral content (BMC) has been reported in HIV-infected children, as well as those on ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). Older studies of children with HIV report increased bone resorption, but data with current antiretroviral regimens are limited.Methods: This analysis presents data from the CHANGES Bone Study (Johannesburg, South Africa). Whole body (WB) BMC was assessed by dual-energy X-ray...

Background: Osteoporosis is common in subjects with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Studies in paediatric DMD identified a high frequency of fragility fractures but there are no studies in the adult population. Recent updated international standards of care (2018) for children and adults with DMD recommend the following for bone monitoring:- Lateral thoracolumbar spine x-rays to screen for vertebral fracture (1–2 yearly if on glucocorticoid; 2&#1...

Background: Previous studies with small number of boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) suggest that growth failure occurs in glucocorticoid naïve (GC) boys.Objective: To evaluate height and longitudinal growth in boys with DMD prior to GC.Method: Retrospective evaluation in boys with DMD with height measurements obtained for clinical purposes. Out of the 91 boys currently managed in Scotland, 51 had at least one height ...

Maternal vitamin D status has been positively associated with infant bone mass in observational studies. We therefore evaluated whether 1000 IU/day cholecalciferol during pregnancy would lead to greater offspring bone mass at birth, in a UK, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (MAVIDOS, ISRCTN82927713).At 12 weeks’ gestation, pregnant women with a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] 25-100 nmol/l were randomised to either...

Objectives: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes related to vitamin D metabolism have been associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status, but these relationships have not been examined in pregnancy or following antenatal vitamin D supplementation. We assessed whether SNPs in DHCR7 (7-dehydrocholesterol reductase), CYP2R1 (25-hydroxylase), CYP24A1 (24-hydroxylase) and GC (Vitamin D binding protein) were associated with the re...

Mineralized tissues like bone, articular calcified cartilage or mineralized turkey leg tendon (MTLT) are build by a composite of hydroxyapatite nano-particles and organic matrix. In bone and MTLT the matrix is formed by collagen type-I, but in contrast to bone in MTLT the collagen is uniaxial orientated, while in cartilage the matrix consists of collagen type-II and proteoglycans.Composition/orientation differences were investigated by a new scanning aco...

The local mechanical properties of bone are influenced not only by the material chemical composition but also by the spatial arrangement of the component’s e.g. orientation of collagen matrix. However, not much is known about local elastic modulus variations in cortical bone. Our goal was to use acoustic imaging to map elastic properties of murine bone with a several microns resolution. Rodent long bones exhibit a permanent growth with endosteal/periosteal bone formation ...