Bone Abstracts

Bone accrual and the attainment of peak bone mass influence an individual’s predisposition to fracture or osteoporosis later in life. The developmental tempo and the movement of the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of the appendicular skeleton during growth result in variations in bone mineral content and density. During puberty the differential in peak height and peak bone mass accretion negatively influence bone strength. A surrogate measure of bone strength is the met...

Paget’s disease of bone is a condition where the process of bone remodeling is disrupted; Its primary event is an increased bone resorption followed by a subsequent reactive bone formation. The disease is most common in central Europe, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. It is also found, though with lower incidence, in southern Europe, Scandinavia, and the United States. It is extremely rare in East Asian countries, especially in Korea, Japan, China, the Midd...

Introduction: Lower bone mineral content (BMC) has been reported in HIV-infected children, as well as those on ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). Older studies of children with HIV report increased bone resorption, but data with current antiretroviral regimens are limited.Methods: This analysis presents data from the CHANGES Bone Study (Johannesburg, South Africa). Whole body (WB) BMC was assessed by dual-energy X-ray...

Cases of non-vitamin D deficiency rickets have been reported in African countries including The Gambia, South Africa and Nigeria where the likely aetiology is a chronically low dietary calcium intake. Additional aetiological factors in Gambian studies are iron deficiency leading to a disruption in phosphate metabolism.Surgical correction of pathological rickets-like lower-limb deformities is the most common operation performed at the Beit Cure Orthopaedi...

Background: Hyperphosphataemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC) is a rare autosomal recessive condition in which increased renal phosphate reabsorption is associated with elevated serum phosphate, inappropriately normal or raised PTH and extraosseous calcification. It is caused by mutations in genes related to phosphate metabolism: fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactos...

Osteoporotic fractures are a major worldwide epidemic. Worldwide, age-standardized rates in hip fracture vary >200-fold in women and >140-fold in men when comparing incidence rates in the highest vs lowest country. Median age standardized rates are highest in North America and Europe followed by Asia, Middle East, Oceania, Latin America, and Africa. Globally rates of hip fracture are greater in women than men with an average ratio of ~2:1. In all populations studied to...

Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) tea is a refreshing and caffeine-free tea indigenous to the Western Cape regions of South Africa. This tea, which is rich in polyphenols and antioxidants, has shown many beneficial effects in health, however, its anti-osteoclastogenic potential remains unexplored. In this study, the in vitro effects of an aqueous extract of fermented rooibos tea were examined on osteoclast formation and bone resorption in RAW264.7 murine macropha...

Skeletal development during childhood and adolescence is an important determinant of adult bone health. Patterns of growth differ between populations, but it is unclear how these differences relate to changes in bone size and volumetric density. We aimed to examine ethnic differences in skeletal phenotype in the context of pubertal growth and development in 279 adolescent males from Johannesburg, South Africa.We performed annual peripheral quantitative c...

Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a bone derived phosphate-regulating hormone which is elevated in hypophosphataemic rickets. Recent findings demonstrate iron deficiency as a potential mediator of FGF23 expression and murine studies have shown in utero effects of maternal iron deficiency leading to increased FGF23 concentration and disordered bone development (Clinkenbeard. JBMR 2013). Children with rickets in rural Gambia, West Africa, have high prevalences of i...

Aim: Differences in fracture risk between ethnic groups have been documented. The basis for these differences is yet incomplete and the age at what ethnic differences appear is uncertain. Assessment of bone health in pediatric populations could bring insights on factors compromising bone accrual. We describe here differences in total body bone mineral density (TB-BMD) in a unique setting of children of the same age, measured with the same device (iDXA) different ethnic backgro...