Bone Abstracts

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign skeletal disease caused by activating mutations of Gsα. These mutations lead to formation of abnormal and mechanically unsound bone and fibrotic tissue. Clinical sequelae include deformity, fracture, and pain. Studies in bisphosphonates have shown improvement in bone pain and inconsistent effects on FD mineralization; however interpretation has been limited by a lack of controlled trials.Objecti...

Introduction: Heterotopic ossification (OH) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of extra-skeletal ossification; in most cases OH is due to the inactivation of the gene of guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-stimulating activity polypeptide (GNAS). In some cases they remain confined to skin and subcutaneus tissues (osteoma cutis, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO), pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a and c (PHP1a/c), and pseudopseudohypothyroidism (PPHP)),...

Background: Geleophysic dysplasia is a rare genetic bone disorder characterized by severe short stature, short hands and feet, characteristic facial features, limited joint mobility, thick skin, progressive cardiac valvular disorders and sometimes upper respiratory stenosis. Diagnosis of this disorder is based on clinical and radiographic criteria. Until now only 60 cases have been reported in the literature.Case report: One-month-old male baby was initi...

Background: Cherubism is a rare autosomal dominant bone disease characterized by bilateral painless enlargement of the jaws, that typically first appear at the age of 2–7 years. In this condition the affected bone is replaced with fibrous tissue, giving the patient a cherubic appearance.Until now only 300 cases have been reported in the literature.Case report: A caucasian 4-year-old male child came to our Pediatric Clinic comp...

Background: Gorham Stout syndrome, also called disseminated lymphangiomatosis, is a rare disease of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. This syndrome is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of thin walled capillaries and small lymphatic vessels that results in the massive osteolysis of adjacent bone. Surrounding soft tissues such as muscle, connective tissue, and viscera may also be affected. Chylothorax occurs secondary to direct involvement of the pleural cavity or the ...

It is widely accepted that the “gold” standard method for diagnosis of osteoporosis is dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, to measure bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD). However in the last decades other less harmful and cheaper methods were developed. Among them bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is one of most commonly used and is used in analysis of body composition as well. On its side, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a noninvasive method of e...

Vitamin D plays an important role for bone health, and is associated to the risk of osteoporosis development.The aim of the present work was to determine the association between serum vitamin D concentration and the bone mineral density (BMD) in post-menopausal women living in a Mexican rural community (this study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee). The BMD was assessed by ultrasound and vitamin D was evaluated using a specific immunoass...

Background: Osteogenesis Imperfecta is commonly due to dominant mutations in type I collagen genes, COL1A1 and COL1A2. Recessive forms, which are rarer, are caused instead by mutations in various genes coding for proteins involved in collagen post-translational modifications, folding and secretion. A novel disease locus, SERPINF1, coding for pigment-epithelium-derived-factor (PEDF), a likely key factor in bone deposition and remodelling, has been fou...

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of hereditary disorders characterized by bone fragility and osteopaenia, with a broad spectrum of clinical severity. The majority of cases are dominantly inherited and due to mutations in type I collagen genes, whereas recessive forms are less frequent and attributable to mutations in different genes involved in collagen I post translational modifications and folding (prolyl-3-hydroxylase complex, SERPINH1, FKBP1...

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by bone fragility. The current classification comprises five forms (OI types I–V) with autosomal dominant inheritance and seven rarer forms (OI types VI–XII) with recessive inheritance. OI type V (MIM 610967) has distinguishing radiological features, such as propensity to hyperplastic callus formation, calcification of the forearm interosseous membrane, radial-head dislocatio...