Bone Abstracts

Background: Puberty is highly important for the accumulation of bone mass. Bone turnover and bone mineral density can be affected in transgender adolescents when puberty is postponed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa), followed by treatment with cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT).Objective: To investigate the effect of GnRHa and CSHT on bone turnover markers (BTMs) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) in transgender adolescents.<p ...

An increasing amount of scientific evidence suggests that western diet is a risk factor for osteopenia and osteoporosis. Indeed, metabolic acidosis, occurring after high levels of protein intake, may adversely impact on the skeleton by disrupting calcium metabolism, and leads to a decrease of bone mineral density (BMD). Currently, the prevention and treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis are mainly based on lifestyle modifications (i.e. exercise, quitting smoking and ensurin...

Introduction: The significance of sarcopenia and low muscle mass are especially emphasized in these days. Sarcopenia is well known to highly correlate with fragility and increases the risk of falling in the elderly and an important risk factor for disability and mortality. Evidence of inter-relaionship of muscle with bone metabolism is increasing. Therefore we investigated the relationship between BMD and muscle mass among healthy Korean premenopausal women.<p class="abste...

Aim & background: Evidence from genetic studies of osteoporosis and fracture risk indicate that bone mineral density (BMD) is genetically controlled. The low-density-lipoprotein-related receptor 5 (lrp5) gene is a known co-receptor in the canonical Wnt bone formation regulatory pathway. Although mutations found in this gene have been shown to regulate BMD in humans, and Lrp5 knockout mice had reduced bone mass, its role in the bone development/bone acquis...

The vertebral body microstructure of young individuals appears to be divided into three equally high horizontal regions: two adjacent to the endplates and one in the centre of the vertebral body. With age this subdivision of the vertebral microstructure seems to vanish. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in the age-related changes in vertebral microstructure in the two regions.Vertebral (L2) bone specimens from 41 women and 39 men ag...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined according to the presence of kidney damage and level of kidney function – irrespective of the type of kidney disease (diagnosis). Among individuals with chronic kidney disease, the stages are defined based on the level of glomerular filtration rate. From infancy through young adulthood, the major causes of CKD arise from congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT), acquired or congenital forms of nephrotic synd...

Background: Rett Syndrome (RS) is a disabling condition due to mutations in MECP2. Girls affected with RS are at risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures at a young age because of their lack of mobility and through a direct effect of MECP2 on bone mineralization. In these girls, bone fragility inflicts pain and may seriously impair the quality of life.Objective: To retrospectively assess the effect of IV bisphosphonates on fracture, bone mineral den...

Objectives: Endocrine late effects, including osteopathologies, following diagnosis and treatment of childhood malignancies are studied in adult survivors with alarming results. However, in pediatric patients with brain tumors the risk to develop endocrine late effects is high even during childhood and adolescence.Aim and design: To investigate osteopathologies and endocrine function in juvenile survivors of pediatric brain tumors we conducted a cross-se...

Objectives: FGF23 is expressed in clusters of osteocytes at the trabecular periphery suggesting that FGF23-expressing osteocytes are confined to specific basic multicellular units (BMUs) at the trabecular surface. Higher numbers of FGF23-expressing osteocytes are found in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with preserved skeletal mineralization indices. We thus combined immunohistochemistry and quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) to explore the hypothesis tha...

Background: Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust offers a highly specialised metabolic bone service for children and young people living with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI). OI is a chronic health condition causing bone fragility, bone pain, bone deformity, frequent fractures and variable physical limitations with wide reaching consequences on both children and families; the potential to experience elevated psychological distress is common.Presen...