Bone Abstracts

ADO2 is a debilitating genetic bone disease causing multiple fractures and other severe symptoms. A mouse model of ADO2, harbouring the heterozygous Clcn7G213R gene mutation, phenocopies the human syndrome. The Clc7 gene encodes the ClC7 dimeric 2Cl−/1H+ antiporter that is almost ubiquitously expressed, although the mutations hit especially the osteoclasts impairing bone resorption. By immunofluorescence, we observed that the mutant ClC7 ...

Objective: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have the potential ability to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells and osteoblasts for angiogenesis and osteogenesis, however, the correlation between number and population of bone marrow EPCs with bone mass and bone metabolism in elderly is unknown.Methods: Trabecular bone were extracted from 11 patients with fragility fracture and eight patients with osteoarthritis during artificial hip replacemen...

Angiogenesis and osteogenesis are tightly linked and dependent on each other. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a mechanoresponding adipokine, strongly upregulated in osteogenic cells subjected to microgravity (0.08–0.008 g), in which it impairs osteogenesis and upregulates the osteoclastogenic cytokine, RANKL. We investigated the role of LCN2 in the crosstalk between angiogenesis and osteogenesis in simulated microgravity conditions as a model of mechanical unloading. Mouse and huma...

Ageing is universally linked to skeletal deterioration. Common mechanisms may control both processes, where dysregulation may predispose to bone loss and osteoarthritis (OA). The epigenetic modifier SirT1 controls lifespan and decreases with age. However, the role of SirT1 in joint disease is unclear. Human tissue samples, novel genetically modified mice, a surgical disease model and advanced cellular and molecular studies were employed to explore the hypothesis that SirT1 is ...

Objective: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have the potential ability to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells and osteoblasts for angiogenesis and osteogenesis, however, the correlation between number and population of bone marrow EPCs with bone mass and bone metabolism in elderly is unknown.Methods: Trabecular bone were extracted from 11 patients with fragility fracture and eight patients with osteoarthritis during artificial hip replacemen...

Background and objectives: Lean mass (LM) has been positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD), but the impact of increased adiposity on bone especially in children is controversial. Several biomarkers, secreted by adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, or bone, may have important roles in the bone health. Our aim was to study the association of body composition, adipokines, myokines, inflammation-related cytokines, growth factors, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D)...

Objectives: Children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) suffer fragility fractures due to altered bone mass, architecture and material quality. Management is multidisciplinary, often including bisphosphonates and physiotherapy. We wished to determine whether bisphosphonates altered the skeletal response to mechanical stimulation in OI. Short term exposure to whole body vibration (WBV) in apparently healthy children results in increases in bone formation and resorption markers, ...

Genetic approaches to bone physiology utilising judicious gain and loss of function models have identified bone as an endocrine organ, being involved in the regulation of energy metabolism and reproduction. Recent advances expand our understanding and identify a new and unconventional role of bone beyond its classical functions. PHOSPHO1 is a bone specific phosphatase with a recognised role in bone mineralisation, but our present studies have now identified a novel role for PH...

In light of prolonged life expectancy, the need for biomaterials that govern bone regeneration increases. Improved bone regeneration and osseointegration can be achieved by funtionalizing implant materials. The extracellular matrix (ECM) affects differentiation of bone cells and is critical for bone regeneration. Here we assessed the role of the natural occurring bone ECM glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) hyaluronan (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), and their sulfated derivatives, on...

Using a longitudinal observational study with two evaluations and a 1 year follow-up interval, we investigated the influence of everyday physical activity (PA) and skeletal geometry in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mass distribution at the proximal femur (PF) in 96 girls and 81 boys (10–12 years). Whole body and left hip DXA scans were used to derive geometric measures of the pelvis (inter acetabular distance – IAD) and PF (abductor lever arm – ALA). BMD w...