Bone Abstracts

Background: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare connective tissue disorder caused by mutation in the gene encoding the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin-1 (FBN1), leading to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling dysregulation. Although decreased axial and peripheral bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in adults with MFS, data about the evolution of bone mass during childhood and adolescence are limited.Objectives: The aim of th...

Cancer cell growth is dependent on the microenvironmental support. Prostate and mammary cancer (PCa and MCa) cells preferentially metastasize to bone, where they induce either an osteoblastic or osteolytic response. These opposite stromal responses suggest that different types of cancers adopt distinct strategies to hijack the bone marrow/bone stroma for their growth support. However, the molecular cues underlying these divergent responses are largely elusive.<p class="abs...

The P2Y2 receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor and the natural ligands (ATP/UTP) strongly inhibit mineralized bone nodule formation by osteoblasts in vitro. We have earlier shown that overexpression of the P2Y2 receptor in vivo resulted in decreased bone mineral density (BMD), partially due to increased bone resorption, but also decreased formation (detected by serum bone markers and bone histomorphometry).This ...

Transient paralysis by a single injection of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) in rodents has been shown to cause local bone loss of the affected leg. The animals regain function of the leg within 3–4 weeks and bone loss slowly recovers. The duration of the paralysis is dose-dependent. However, higher doses of Botox cause weight loss and decreased activity level.Aim of study was to investigate whether repeated injections of low-dose Botox could induce ...

Leptin and adiponectin have an opposing relationship in circulation; leptin is higher and adiponectin lower in overweight/obese individuals, and vice versa. Studies showed that both leptin and adiponectin can be either beneficial or harmful to bone depending on the mode of action. The objective was to investigate the association of serum leptin:adiponectin ratio (L:A) with BMD of various skeletal sites and markers of bone turnover in overweight and obese postmenopausa...

The connection between osteoporosis and obesity is becoming a topic of increasing research. The adipocyte-secreted hormones, leptin and adiponectin, may be the mediators between adipose tissue and bone. The aim was to examine the changes in leptin and adiponectin with the weight and body composition (fat and lean mass) change during the 6-months weight loss program. Additionally, the relationship between two adipokines and BMD of various skeletal sites was also examined. Parti...

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal characterized by strong cumulative properties in the human and animals’ organism. Although cadmium accumulation in the bone tissue is lower than in soft tissues such as liver and kidney, the bone-accumulated metal, even at low concentrations, can damage the bone tissue directly. Polyphenols are compounds possessing hydroxyl groups capable of binding divalent metals, including toxic metals, preventing their absorption from the gastrointe...

Objectives: To evaluate bone health and its possible correlations to body composition parameters in young patients with galactose metabolic disorders, aiming to suggest appropriate lifestyle interventions.Methods: We studied 22 patients, aged 5–16 years with galactose metabolic disorders, detected by neonatal screening. Fourteen suffered from classic galactosemia and eight from other galactose metabolic disorders (i.e. epimerase or galactokinase def...

Objectives: To determine any relationship of serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin (OPG), sRANKL and sRANKL:OPG ratio with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in children, as there is some evidence of increased bone resorption in these patients.Methods: In a prospective study, twenty four children of median age 6.5 years (range 2.3–16.4) with IH (five had urolithiasis and two nephrocalcinosis) were examined at the time of diagnosis and after 3 months o...

Objectives: In the modern society, all individuals are exposed throughout life to a variety of chemicals, which may contribute significantly to the human disease burden. Most of these chemicals are transferred to the fetus in-utero and to the infant via mother’s milk. Until recently, few studies have addressed effects of chemicals on the development of mineralized tissues following exposure during these early stages of life. In this experimental study, we analyse...