Bone Abstracts

Senile osteoporosis and age-related osteopenia are associated with decreased osteoblastogenesis and increased bone marrow adipogenesis. The mechanisms controlling the fate determination of osteoblast to adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) during aging are not known. We and others previously showed that the cell-cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin (N-Cadh) expressed in osteoblasts controls bone formation, but little is known about its role in BMSC fate d...

Objectives: In the modern society, all individuals are exposed throughout life to a variety of chemicals, which may contribute significantly to the human disease burden. Most of these chemicals are transferred to the fetus in-utero and to the infant via mother’s milk. Until recently, few studies have addressed effects of chemicals on the development of mineralized tissues following exposure during these early stages of life. In this experimental study, we analyse...

Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) controls serum phosphorus by acting on the kidneys to excrete phosphorus and reduce calcitriol. These actions are well established in adults and children, but whether FGF23 regulates fetal phosphorus metabolism is unknown. We used X-linked Hyp or Phex null male fetuses to study the effect of excess FGF23 on fetal phosphorus metabolism. Phex+/− females and WT males were mated to generate WT, Phe...

Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIO) occurs in patients undergoing therapeutic intervention for inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. The effect of long-term GC administration on bone turnover was investigated in two frequently used mouse strains; C57BL/6 and CD1 in order to assess the influence of genetic background.GIO was induced in 12 weeks old female C57BL/6 and CD1 mice by s.c. insertion of long-term (60 days) rel...

Muscle and loading force application alters bone structure and increases bone mineral density (BMD), particularly during growth. However, bone microarchitectural texture, as assessed by the trabecular bone score (TBS), changes during growth is unknown. We hypothesized that TBS would be positively correlated with growth and higher in growing girls participating in regular physical exercise.68 girls (mean age 12±0.3 years; BMI 18±2.8 kg/m2</...

We have shown previously that TSG–6 acts as an autocrine regulator of osteoclast activity in vitro, capable of inhibiting RANKL-mediated osteoclastic bone resorption with a similar potency to OPG1,2. Thus, the TSG–6 protein has the potential to be developed as a novel treatment for osteoporosis, which is associated with excessive bone loss3.The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential of the is...

Background: Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a group of heterogeneous endocrine disorders characterised by hormone resistance, primarily to parathyroid hormone (PTH). The resistance is caused by defects in the GNAS gene, which encodes the Gsα protein that activates the cAMP pathway. PHP patients demonstrate elevated plasma PTH, hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia with normal renal function. PTH resistance can be confirmed by Ellsworth-Howard test (PTH s...

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Clinical trials involving drug therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis typically compare effects of the active drug combined with vitamin D (vit D) and calcium (Ca) vs vit D and Ca supplementation on its own. Bone strength is estimated based on the amount of bone, frequently expressed as bone mineral density determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry, and quality of bone, hardly measured in clinical practice.The purpose of the present study was to compare...

Alendronate is one of the most popular anti-resorptive drugs and widely used to treat osteoporotic patients in the world. In Japan, alendronate oral jelly (ALN-J) as a new formulation was launched in 2013. Dissolution test and bioequivalence study were performed between ALN-J and alendronate oral weekly tablet (ALN-T), and bioequivalence of both drugs was approved. Dosage and administration of ALN-J is the same as ALN-T. Moreover, ALN-J has special features of easy swallowing ...