Bone Abstracts

Bone sialoprotein regulates osteoblast activity and bone formation. In knockout (BSP−/−) mouse bone marrow (BM) stromal cell cultures, the pool of osteoprogenitor (OP) cells (CFU-F number) is not different from wild-type (+/+), nor is their early differentiation (same numbers of alkaline phosphatase positive colonies=CFU-ALP, although these are smaller), while the number of osteoblast, mineralized colonies (CFU-OB) is dramatically reduced. Because ossifi...

The bone organ integrates the activity of bone tissue, bone marrow, and blood vessels and the factors ensuring this coordination remain ill defined. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is with osteopontin (OPN) a member of the small integrin binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family, involved in bone formation, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. In rodents, bone marrow ablation induces a rapid formation of medullary bone which peaks by ~8 days (d8) and is blunted in BSP...

Background: Current studies concerning the incidence of vertebral fractures are rare. Knowledge about age and sex dependency of these fractures could help focussing therapeutic decisions. Therefore, we performed a prospective study in order to find a reliable incidence of clinical vertebral fractures in an adult population.Methods: Included were all patients with radiologic confirmed clinical vertebral fractures, which occurred in the adult population (a...

Background: In the National Osteoporosis Guide 2014 all the patients are first recommended adequate calcium and vitamin D intake. For additional treatment US FDA approves the use of medications within seven different drug groups, but no magnesium. We have therefore studied the beneficial effect of Mg added to a Ca/vitamin D regime.Study: Fifty healthy women aged above 70 years recruited from elderly center were randomized into a Mg supplementation group ...

Teriparatide is an anabolic agent given to reduce fracture risk in osteoporosis; it increases BMD and bone turnover. For monitoring treatment efficacy, serum PINP shows the greatest increase and low variability; it has been proposed as a marker of individual treatment response. We aimed to evaluate the utility of PINP to monitor teriparatide treatment in clinical practice.We performed a retrospective evaluation of 91 patients treated with teriparatide si...

Differentiation of osteoclast progenitor cells into mononucleated TRAcP+ pre-osteoclasts occurs in the bone marrow. But how are these cells dispatched to the future bone resorption sites? We hypothesized that the collagen type III/I-rich reticulin network of the bone marrow might provide a structural framework for localization and migration of differentiating pre-osteoclasts towards the bone surface. Therefore, adjacent sections from decalcified paraffin-embedded iliac crest b...

Objectives: While nutritional rickets is traditionally associated with vitamin D deficiency, a number of other etiological factors have been proposed, including low calcium intake. Maternal nutrition can affect fetal and infant skeletal growth and development. Our aim was to determine the relationship between maternal bone density and rickets in Nigerian children.Methods: We measured areal forearm bone mineral density (BMD) in 56 and 131 mothers of child...

Background: Measurement and interpretation of metaphyseal shape in children is difficult. We aim to develop relevant assessment methods using commonly available spiral computed tomography (CT) scanning.Methods: We analysed 12 pairs of age and pubertal stage matched subjects from a larger group of children recruited into a non-interventional case–control study in which all had suffered trauma; half had sustained a fracture. Each subject underwent ant...

Objectives: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare metabolic disease caused by loss-of-function mutation(s) in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene. Resultant low TNSALP leads to defective skeletal mineralization and diverse complications that may include poor growth, proximal muscle weakness, pain, and compromised physical function in children. Here, we describe the burden of HPP in patients <18 years old as assessed by two surveys specific to HPP symptomol...

Osteosarcoma is a heterogeneous tumor from the mesenchymal lineage, and is the most common form of primary bone cancer. Normally, lesions contain undifferentiated cancer stem cells (CSCs) that support uncontrolled growth/proliferation, and pre-osteoblasts that form excessive amounts of immature bone. CSCs are characterized by high expression of the transcriptional regulators Sox2 and yes-associated protein (YAP) that are essential for tumorigenicity. YAP is restrained by the H...