Bone Abstracts

Introduction: Bone mineral density decreases before menopause and is held to be due to trabecular, not cortical, bone loss. Yet neither a negative bone balance, nor accelerated remodelling occurs before 45 years of age. We hypothesized that bone loss will first appear after 45 years and will be cortical (as 80% of bone is cortical).Methods/design: Images of distal tibia acquired using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (Scanco Me...

Biographical DetailsDr John Herzenberg graduated from Boston University Medical School and trained at Duke University for Orthopaedics and Toronto Sick Kids for Pediatric Orthopaedics. He specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of adult and pediatric patients with congenital abnormalities, joint contractures, neuromuscular disorders, non-unions, malunions, deformity, and bone defects. ...

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The G protein-coupled receptor, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), is expressed by osteoblasts and required for normal skeletal growth and repair. Prostate cancer (PCa) cells commonly secrete proteolytic activators of PAR2 (including matriptase and kallikrein-related peptidase 4) and frequently form osteogenic metastases in bone. This study was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that PAR2 activators released by PCa cells modulate osteo...

The incidence of hip fractures is declining in later cohorts of older people but, if the cohort effect is controlled for, the period effect shows a steady increase in incidence. This is almost certainly because we are seeing the survival of an increasingly frail group of older people with comorbidities. The great majority of hip fractures result from falls. There is strong research evidence that falls can be prevented. Proven strength and balance programmes reduce the rate of ...

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) comprises estrogen, with or without progestogen addition, given to postmenopausal women. HRT is by far the most effective treatment for the relief of menopausal symptoms such as vasomotor and genito-urinary symptoms. It is as effective as alternative treatments for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It increases bone mass, reduces bone turnover, and reduces fracture risk at all the important skeletal sites. It has a beneficial effe...

External fixation has been the gold standard for patients who require bone lengthening. This method is accurate and reliable, but can result in significant scarring, superficial infection, and pain. Additionally, the daily care of pin sites, unsightly appearance of the device, and reduced function can be emotionally taxing for both the patient and caregivers. An internal device that lengthens through rotational movement was developed to address some of these issues (ISKD). Alt...

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Background: Periosteal reaction can be a manifestation of various underlying medical conditions, including tumor, infection, trauma, metabolic or genetic diseases.Presenting problem: A 2 year-old male presented for evaluation of periosteal bone formation in symmetrical distribution of proximal humerus, radius, ulnar, femur, and clavicles, noted after having persistent fussiness, irritability and inability to bear weight and use arms for 3 weeks. He had a...

β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) biomaterials have been approved for the repair of osseous defects. However, in large defects, the substitution of biomaterial by authentic bone is inadequate to provide sufficient long-term mechanical stability. We aimed to develop composites of β-TCP ceramics and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) to enhance the formation of osteoclasts thereby stimulating material resorption. RANKL was immobilized on &#9...