Bone Abstracts

Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1). The bone remodeling process in zebrafish is incompletely understood. Here we describe several methods to quantify bone formation and resorption using a zebrafish mutant that lacks functional colony stimulating factor 1a receptor (csf1ramh5/mh5). Mice deficient in...

Osteoclasts are myeloid-derived cells that degrade bone through the localized production of acid and proteases. The catabolic action of osteoclasts is counterbalanced by formation of new matrix by osteoblasts. In mammals, bone resorption and formation are coupled through crosstalk between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Zebrafish are emerging as a valuable model to study bone biology, but how closely zebrafish osteoclast function parallels that of higher vertebrates is unknown. T...

Analysis of genome wide data such as transcriptomics can identify genes of potential interest to bone biology. These techniques are primarily hypothesis-generating. Determining the role of candidate factors in bone ultimately requires in vivo experiments. Gene expression analysis of mouse osteoclast differentiation identified G protein-coupled receptor 137B (GPR137b) as highly upregulated. GPR137b is an orphan seven-pass transmembrane receptor of unknown func...

Background: Several bone metabolic pathways are disrupted in diabetes mellitus (DM), leading to reduced bone mass. Increased fracture risk and elevated Dickkopf-1, which is an inhibitor of the Wnt/b-catenin bone metabolic pathway, have been documented in adult patients with type 2 DM. No relevant data exist on childhood type 1 DM (T1DM).Objective and hypotheses: We aimed at studying plasma Dickkopf-1 concentration in children and adolescents with T1DM an...

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone-derived tumor. However, the pathogenic molecular mechanism(s) underpinning osteosarcoma development and metastasis remain elusive. The polycystins PC1 (polycystin-1; encoded by PKD1) and PC2 (polycystin-2) are central players in mechanotransduction, a process that can influence all steps of the invasion/metastasis cascade. Recent studies from our laboratory provided, for the first time, a direct link between mechanosensing polycysti...

Aim: We explored the hypothesis that idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) causes increased bone loss in early post-menopausal women.Materials and methods: We studied 41 postmenopausal women with IH. Inclusion criteria: i) recently (<6 months) diagnosed and untreated IH, ii) postmenopausal status >2 years, and iii) normal renal function. Exclusion criteria: i) all causes of hypercalciuria other than IH and ii) use of any medication for osteoporosis 1-ye...

Objectives: To investigate the possible relationship between neonatal anthropometric characteristics and bone turnover and growth markers in a sample of neonates and their mothers, taking into account the size for the gestational age.Methods: A sample which consisted of 20 small for the gestational age (SGA), appropriate for the gestational age (AGA), and large for the gestational age (LGA) randomly selected term neonates and their 20 mothers were analyz...

Objective: To determine if milk is always good for preventing osteoporosis in children anyway.Materials and methods: Worldwide bibliography review on the problem and our experience.Results: Studies performed in children and adolescents relate to the subject of the long-term relative effects on bone health of the protein content of the diet compared with that of the diet’s net load of acid in the body. Long-term acid loading in...

Aim: Determining level of vitamin D and other conditions in children with osteoporosis.Methodology: Bibliography review in a worldwide basis about the issue and what we have observed.Outcome: We studied the level of 25OHD3 in all patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia. 25OHD3 95% deficit was found in these patients when reduced bone mass occurs. There are several disorders for hypocalcemia. Intestinal malabsorption syndromes, re...

Objectives: Nutrition in childhood is a major factor for healthy living during adulthood. Bone mass is influenced immensely by nutritional intake, especially protein intake which is very important for bone matrix and the integrity of skeletal structure. This study aimed to identify the effects of dietary protein intake on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and performance of children aged 6–12 years old.Methods: A repeated measur...