Bone Abstracts

Fragility fractures including hip fracture are a significant global burden. There is a growing body of evidence that the early environment influenceS an individual’s risk of fracture. Evidence from longitudinal studies have demonstrated the relationship between measures of body size in early life with later bone mass and risk of fragility fracture. These observations have been extended by parent/offspring cohorts with detailed examination of the maternal environment and s...

Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is a major cause of loss of mobility, increased frailty and falls in the elderly and impacts profoundly on the quality of life of older people. Modified reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has been implicated in the mechanisms by which muscle function is lost with increasing age. ROS are increased in skeletal muscles of adult mice following a period of isometric contractions and this is associated with adaptive increas...

Abstract unavailable....

Today, there are more than 450 well-characterized genetic skeletal disorders classified primarily on the basis of clinical, radiographic, and molecular criteria. Although individually rare, the overall birth incidence is estimated to be 1/5000 live births. Half a century ago, in the 1960s, individuals with disproportionate short stature were diagnosed either with achondroplasia (short-limbed dwarfism) or Morquio syndrome (short-trunked dwarfism). In time, delineation of numero...

Abstract unavailable....

Abstract unavailable....

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease affecting more than 300 million people worldwide with a constantly growing prevalence mainly due to an increase of obesity associated type 2 diabetes. Serious macrovascular (myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, and stroke) and microvascular (retinopathy and nephropathy) complications account for substantial morbidity and mortality in diabetes patients. Somewhat underestimated chronic complications are the nega...

Abstract unavailable....

Abstract unavailable....

The incidence of hip fractures is declining in later cohorts of older people but, if the cohort effect is controlled for, the period effect shows a steady increase in incidence. This is almost certainly because we are seeing the survival of an increasingly frail group of older people with comorbidities. The great majority of hip fractures result from falls. There is strong research evidence that falls can be prevented. Proven strength and balance programmes reduce the rate of ...