Bone Abstracts

Besides its well known effect on longitudinal bone growth, GH plays a role in the maintenance of adult bone mass. As aging progresses GH levels decline, bone mass decreases and mesenchymal precursors show a reduced osteogenic differentiation capacity resulting in an increase in bone marrow adipocytes. We investigated the effect of GH on MSC differentiation and the possible involvement of microRNA in this process. Human MSC derived from trabecular specimens, waste material of o...

Osteoblasts have a high rate of energy consumption during bone formation and bone protein synthesis. Therefore, it is likely that decreased energy production that accompanies aging, could contribute to reduced osteoblast activity, a critical feature of senile osteoporosis, and that this reduction might be counteracted by favoring energy availability. Cells of the osteoblastic lineage generate 40–80% of the requested energy through fatty acid degradation, thus the modulati...

Betaine (BET) is a component of many food. It is an essential osmolyte and a source of methyl groups. BET consumed from food sources and through dietary supplements presents similar bioavailability. BET exerts an antioxidant activity and decreases inflammation states. Dietary supplement with BET are used in many inflammation-connected pathologies, although its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that BET stimulates muscle fibers differentiati...

Biographical DetailsAnna Villa is Chief of the Human Genome Unit at UOS/IRGB and is also responsible for a Research Unit at Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET). Her group has also extensively contributed towards the molecular dissection of genetic bone disorders, focusing on autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO). In particular she has identified TCIRG1 as the gene responsible fo...

Bone remodelling is maintained by a balanced activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Alterations in this cross-talk result in bone pathological conditions. High bone mass defines a complex and heterogenous genetic condition characterized by increased bone density. In particular, osteopetrosis is a genetic condition of high bone mass caused by impairment in osteoclast generation or function. Molecular analysis of human osteopetrosis has allowed the identification of novel gene...

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Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated skeletal cells of hematopoietic origin primarily responsible for bone resorption. Their functional impairment disturbs bone homeostasis and, to a variable extent, a number of other processes, such as growth, hematopoiesis and immune function. The accumulation of bone tissue owing to failure in bone resorption results in increased bone density, which is the hallmark of osteopetrosis (OP), a heterogeneous group of monogenic disorders with aut...

Multiple factors of risk have been described to the osteoporosis (OSP) and fractures in people infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antiretroviral treatment has changed the vital prognosis of these patients, nevertheless seems that antiretroviral treatments can cause a greater loss of bone mineral density (BMD). Experts support the use of densitometry screening for HIV-infected postmenopausal women and men older than 50 years.Objectives: To ev...

Introduction: Vertebroplasty (VP) and ballon kyphoplasty (BKP) are used in the treatment of the vertebral compression fractures (VCF), that usually result in a typical wedged deformation. It is still under debate which technique is the best, in terms of efficacy, costs, and safety, mainly about the risk of a adjacent new fractures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biomechanical outcome of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty by a computational comparative analysis with finit...

The aim of the study is to determine whether there is an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption in nonbacterial osteitis. The osteoclast inhibitor pamidronate has been successfully used in nonbacterial osteitis. It is assumed, that there is any mismatch in the pathophysiology of osteoblasts or osteoclasts. Until now, we have no known publications on bone metabolism in nonbacterial osteitis. We chose osteoprotegerin (OP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) as markers of...