Bone Abstracts

Medial vascular calcification (MVC) is a pathological condition common to a variety of diseases, including chronic kidney disease, diabetes, obesity, generalized arterial calcification of infancy, arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73, and Keutel syndrome. These diseases share the common feature of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) upregulation in the vasculature. We developed a mouse model that overexpresses human TNAP in vascular smooth muscle cells, ...

The incidence of hip fractures is declining in later cohorts of older people but, if the cohort effect is controlled for, the period effect shows a steady increase in incidence. This is almost certainly because we are seeing the survival of an increasingly frail group of older people with comorbidities. The great majority of hip fractures result from falls. There is strong research evidence that falls can be prevented. Proven strength and balance programmes reduce the rate of ...

The influence of immune dysregulation on bone metabolism in children with inflammatory bowel disease: the potential for bone as a secondary lymphoid organ.Background: Whilst their clinical relevance in terms of fracture may be questioned, systemic inflammatory disorders in children impacts on their bone metabolism and reduces bone mineral density. Similar observations in adults are in part explained by interactions between lymphocytes and osteoclasts via...

Romosozumab is an investigational bone-forming agent that inhibits sclerostin. Recent data demonstrated that it stimulated bone formation, decreased bone resorption, and led to rapid and substantial increases in areal bone mineral density (BMD; McClung, J Bone Miner Res 27 (S1) S8–S9, 2012). In a Phase 1b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple dose study, we studied the effects of romosozumab administered for 3 months and follow-...

Bone resorption and deposition occur in a tightly regulated fashion reflecting the coupled activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Several pathological conditions perturb this balance between bone synthesis and resorption, including osteoporosis and skeletal metastases. The uncoupling of remodeling activities contributes to disseminated tumor cells homing to the bone and to tumor growth in bone. Therefore, a reliable marker of bone remodeling would be useful to provide a st...

Bone resorption and formation occur in a tightly regulated fashion reflecting the coupled activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Several pathological conditions perturb this balance, including osteoporosis and skeletal metastases. In the case of metastases, the uncoupling of resorption and formation activities contributes to disseminated tumor cells homing to the bone and to tumor growth within the bone in highly localized regions. Therefore, a site-specific marker of bone...

New treatment agents against osteoporosis may not only lead to an improved trabecular structure, but can probably also strengthen the cortex. To assess this treatment effects by means of QCT, one has to deal with significant partial volume effects observing this very thin, but compact structure. A new method for cortical thickness estimation has been developed using an analytical deconvolution approach. After estimating the point-spread-function (PSF) of a scanner/kernel combi...

The pathogenesis of skeletal fragility in diabetes mellitus is poorly defined and efficient therapies are limited. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus display low bone mass and delayed bone defect healing. We tested whether intermittent treatment with human parathyroid hormone 1–84 (PTH) increases bone mass and bone defect regeneration in diabetic rats.A subcritical gap defect was created at the femur of 10 weeks old diabe...

Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with lytic bone destruction leading to high fracture incidence in the vertebrae. Accurate assessment of fracture risk is required for physicians to determine the necessity for surgery. This risk is currently determined by examining lesion size or number; however, this method does not consider the biomechanical attributes of the bone. Finite element (FE) modelling can simulate mechanical loading on vertebral bodies, and estimate mechanical in...

Diabetes mellitus results in increased skeletal fragility through reduced bone mineral density and altered collagen structure. How these changes affect bone mechanics at the tissue level remains largely unclear. Anti-osteoporosis medications improve bone mass, but whether they can fully restore tissue strength in diabetic bone, where collagen quality is compromised, has not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of type 2 diabetes mellit...