Bone Abstracts

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in males. When patients develop metastasis, no curative therapy is available. To find new therapeutic options, it is crucial to understand how PCa cells induce metastasis. Recently, it was shown that PCa cells secrete small extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be found in the circulation and in bones. Uptake of EVs by other cells may change their behaviour. We previously identified three miRNAs that were uniquely upregulated in ...

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Background: Relationships between muscle function and bone have been examined using a range of techniques, with conflicting results. We aimed to determine these associations within an adult population comprising individuals with high bone mass and family controls.Methods: Recruitment was from four UK sites within the high bone mass (HBM) study; cases and unaffected family controls were pooled. Peak ground reaction force and peak power, during a multiple ...

Introduction: Due to the ‘greying’ of (industrialized) societies the incidence of osteoporosis and fragility fractures is expected to be increasing. Our aim was to investigate in an elderly population if the incidence of non-vertebral fractures (overall and site specific) has changed after a longer follow-up, and its relation with osteoporosis or osteopenia assessed by bone mineral density (BMD) at baseline.Methods: Incident non-vertebral fract...

The maintenance and adaptation of bone morphology results from orchestrated remodeling processes. These processes are locally coordinated by osteocytes with biochemical signals that result in increased or decreased bone formation or resorption activities. To better understand the morphology, we therefore have to understand how osteocytes determine dynamic morphometric parameters within their local microenvironment. Recently, a local in vivo environment (LivE)...

Sclerostin, a Wnt signaling antagonist encoded by the SOST gene, negatively regulates osteoblasts and inhibits bone formation. Mechanical loading, which induces bone formation, leads to a decrease in sclerostin levels. Recently, neutralizing antibodies against sclerostin were tested successfully for the treatment of osteoporosis in rodents. However, sclerostin is not the only signal involved in mechanotransduction. Therefore we investigated whether treatment with sclerostin an...

Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is receiving considerable attention in the diagnosis and monitoring of human bone diseases. It is well accepted that lower image resolution compared to micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) affects bone morphometry. With advances in micro-CT evaluation techniques such as sample-specific remodeling simulations or dynamic bone morphometry, there is the potential to also allow the application of such techniques to clinical pQCT sc...

Silk fibroin (SF) sponges are a promising scaffold material for tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and ability to support calcium-phosphate formation in vitro. However, previous studies have shown that SF can mineralize spontaneously in the presence of culture media, which has a detrimental effect on experimental integrity when analyzing how cells deposit bone-like tissue in tissue engineering studies. In this study we analyzed th...

It is hypothesized that osteocytes regulate bone adaptation by sensing mechanical strains in their microenvironments and signaling net bone formation or resorption. Owing to bone’s anisotropic architecture, individual osteocytes within a bone experience varying strains under mechanical loading. Thus, to accurately determine the relationships between mechanical strain, osteocyte behavior, and bone remodeling, it is crucial to use a single-cell approach. Using an in viv...

Bone resorption and deposition occur in a tightly regulated fashion reflecting the coupled activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Several pathological conditions perturb this balance between bone synthesis and resorption, including osteoporosis and skeletal metastases. The uncoupling of remodeling activities contributes to disseminated tumor cells homing to the bone and to tumor growth in bone. Therefore, a reliable marker of bone remodeling would be useful to provide a st...