Bone Abstracts

Background: Osteoporosis is a hereditary multifactorial disease characterised by low bone mass leading to an increased susceptibility to fracture. Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. Gene variants have been found associated with a low BMD and increased fracture risk; nonetheless studies have identified the relationship between susceptibility genes and fractures independent of BMD.Objective: Eight single nucleoti...

Introduction: Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a major transcription factor essential for the regulation of osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation, hence affecting skeletogenesis, bone and cartilage formation. The RUNX2 protein has unique consecutive polyglutamine and polyalanine repeats (Q/A) which are important for its transactivation function. Several variants within the RUNX2 gene have been implicated in osteoporosis and fracture susceptibility.<...

Objectives: Children with compromised weight bearing and limited mobility are particularly at risk for fractures with minimal trauma. Unfortunately, they can also present several obstacles that can impede proper dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan assessment of whole body or spine bone mineral density (BMD). Since the distal femur is the most common site of fracture in those patients, the lateral distal femur (LDF) represents the site that best addresses the challenges of BMD...

Objectives: To investigate whether bone health outcomes (volumetric bone mineral density, geometry and strength) is associated with adiposity and muscle in late childhood.Methods: Design: Population-based cross-sectional study nested within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Participants: 11–12 year-olds attending the Child Health CheckPoint physical module. Exposures: Measures of adiposity (BMI z-score, fat ma...

Bone loading is a primary determinant of bone strength in later childhood and adulthood. Our understanding of how mechanical stimuli generated by foetal kicking and movements impact skeletal development is still limited. Many studies suggest that a sufficient and balanced supply of energy, proteins, vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, and other nutrients is an essential prerequisite for normal bone development. However, only few studies highlight the contribution of the biomechanic...

Adverse reactions to bisphosphonates are common and thus, most of them are predictable side effects to the drug. Allergic reactions or skin reactions of any type or severity associated with bisphosphonates have been scarcely described in the literature. Allergic and skin reactions to bisphosphonates have been estimated to occur in less than 1% of patients. The mechanism of these reactions is unknown, although it is presumed to be IgE mediated. All of the bisphosphonates share ...

Improvements on the overall cure rates for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have allowed the cure of over 85% of treated patients. At least 70% of survivors of childhood ALL cancers have substantial morbidities as a result of their treatment. Long term musculoskeletal complications in this population are currently receiving increasing attention because of their negative impact on the quality of life and ability to perform appropriate activities. Our objective was t...

Periprosthetic osteolysis (PO) leading to aseptic loosening, is the most common cause of failure of total hip replacement (THR) in the mid- to long-term. Polyethylene (PE) particulates deriving from the wear of prosthesis liners are bioactive and are implicated in the initiation and progression of osteolysis. Evidence exists that cells of the osteoblast/osteocyte lineage respond to PE particles and contribute to the catabolic response by promoting osteoclastic bone resorption....

Background: Children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) experience musculoskeletal complications including spinal deformities, hip dysplasia and disuse osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates can improve bone mineral density, prevent fragility fractures. It is unclear if prior bisphosphonate use modifies post-operative complication in children with CP. Our aim was to compare surgical complications in children with CP with and without previous bisphosphonate treatment.<p class=...

Objectives: Activity duration and the daily patterns of activity during childhood and adolescence could contribute to long-term bone health. We examined cross-sectional associations between 11 and 12 year old children’s bone health and (1) durations, (2) patterns, and (3) combined durations and patterns of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour.Methods: Design: Population-based cross-sectional study nested within...