Bone Abstracts

Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is a major cause of loss of mobility, increased frailty and falls in the elderly and impacts profoundly on the quality of life of older people. Modified reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has been implicated in the mechanisms by which muscle function is lost with increasing age. ROS are increased in skeletal muscles of adult mice following a period of isometric contractions and this is associated with adaptive increas...

Bone pain is a common symptom of both malignant and non-malignant bone disease. Bone pain is often the first sign of metastatic spread in patients suffering from breast, lung or prostate cancer. Cancer-induced bone pain is one of the most difficult of all persistent pain states to fully control, and it severely affects the quality of life of the patients.Bone pain is also a common symptom of non-malignant metabolic bone diseases such as osteomalacia, fib...

Background: Several short-term studies have been performed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) reporting a rapid rate of generalized bone loss. Aggressive anti-inflammatory treatment with biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has been shown to reduce the rate of bone loss1. There is a lack of long term follow-up studies.Objectives: To study 10-year changes in generalized bone loss in early RA patients in the biologic treatment era....

Introduction: Osteoclasts are the only cells with the capacity to degrade mineralized matrices, such as bone and calcified cartilage. During bone remodeling, osteoclasts secrete protons to achieve the acidic dissolution of hydroxyapatite to make bone collagen amenable to digestion by the proteases they produce. This requires the sealing zone, a ring of densely packed podosomes that surrounds the ruffled border, which is the secretion apparatus of the bone resorbing osteoclasts...

Background and aim: Eight cases of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal have been reported in case-reports. Our aim was to describe the incidence of external auditory canal and middle ear diseases in Danish patients exposed to bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis.Methods: The study was a retrospective, nationwide cohort study, within the Danish population of approximately 5.6 million individuals and based on ...

Osteoclasts resorb bone matrix through a specific adhesion structure called the sealing zone or actin ring, which is based on a belt of podosome. Much remains to be uncovered regarding the molecular mechanisms driving podosome organization into superstructures in particular the osteoclast podosome belt. Proteomic analyses in osteoclasts revealed the adaptor protein tensin 3 as a partner of Dock5, a Rac exchange factor necessary for podosome belt formation and bone resorption. ...

Background: Fractures are common injuries during childhood. Incidence rates and patterns varies, but population-based data are scarce. The aim of this study was to describe a population based sex, age and maturation specific incidence of fractures at different anatomical sites in a representative sample from regions above the Arctic Circle.Methods: All fractures in the population based convenient cohort Fit Futures, comprising 1038 adolescents mainly bor...

Objectives: Examine changes in volumetric BMD and cortical structure following Crohn Disease (CD) diagnosis, and identify associations with growth, glucocorticoid exposure and disease activity.Methods: Prospective cohort study in 76 CD participants, ages 5–21 years. Tibia pQCT scans were obtained at diagnosis, 6, 12 and a median of 42 months later. Sex, race and age-specific Z-scores were generated based on >650 controls. Cortical dimen...

Background: DXA scan has for many years been gold standard when analyzing areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in osteoporotic patients. Risk of fractures increases as aBMD declines. However, although risk of fracture is highest in patients with osteoporosis, it is well known that the majority of fragility fractures actually occur in patients with osteopenia rather than osteoporosis. As aBMD is a projected two dimensional imaging technique it does not differentiate between cortic...

Molecules secreted by the osteoclast or ‘clastokynes’ are essential to stimulate bone formation by osteoblasts. Treatments with bisphosphates and Denosumab target osteoclast survival and differentiation. This suppresses bone turnover and is suspected to increase the risk of atypical fractures in the long term. A solution to overcome this is to develop strategies that target selectively the activity of osteoclasts without affecting their survival or differentiation. S...