ICCBH2019 Poster Presentations (1) (226 abstracts)
Sex differences in the longitudinal associations between body composition and bone stiffness index in European children and adolescents
Lan Cheng 1, , Hermann Pohlabeln 1 , Wolfgang Ahrens 1, , Paola Russo 3 , Toomas Veidebaum 4 , Charalambos Chadjigeorgiou 5 , Dénes Molnár 6 , Gabriele Eiben 7 , Stefaan De Henauw 8 , Luis Moreno 9 , Angie Page 10 & Antje Hebestreit 1
1Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Bremen, Germany; 2Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 3Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; 4Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia; 5Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus; 6National Institute of Health Promotion, University of PeÂcs, PeÂcs, Hungary; 7Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 8Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; 9GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; 10Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the longitudinal association of fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM) with bone stiffness index (BSI) in European children and adolescents over 2 and 6 years follow-up. METHODS: We included children of the IDEFICS/I. Family cohort, who participated in repeated measurements of BSI using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS), body composition using skinfold thickness, sedentary behaviours (SB) and physical activity (PA) using self-administrated questionnaires. Regression coefficients (β) and 99%-confidence intervals (99%CI) were calculated by sex-specified generalized linear mixed effects models to analyse the longitudinal relationships between body composition z-scores and BSI percentiles, as well as to explore the possible interactions between body composition z-scores and pubertal status.
Results: Of 2468 participants, 1274 (51.6%) were male. The baseline zFFM was positively associated with 2 years change of BSI percentile in boys (β=3.86, 99%CI: 1.69, 6.03). Furthermore, both the baseline zFFM (β=7.30, 99% CI: 3.48, 11.12 in boys and β=3.45, 99%CI: −0.07, 6.97 in girls) as well as 6 years change of zFFM (β=6.90, 99%CI: 2.12, 11.68 in boys and β=4.87, 99%CI: 0.30, 9.44 in girls) seem to be positive predictors for the 6 years change of BSI percentile. In contrast, a negative association between 6 years change of zFM and BSI percentile was observed in boys (β=−3.76, 99% CI: −7.04, −0.47). Moreover, we observed an interaction between 6 years change of zFM with pubertal status (assessed at follow-up) on the 6 years change of BSI percentile in girls (P=0.007).
Conclusions: Our finding supports the existing evidences for a positive relationship between FFM and BSI. Additionally, it seems that long-term FM gain is inversely associated with BSI in boys, whereas opposing associations were observed across different pubertal status in girls. Further bone health intervention programs among youth should focus on increasing FFM instead of improving weight status, and take sex and pubertal status into consideration.
Funding: The IDEFICS and I. Family studies were financially supported by the European Commission within the Sixth RTD Framework Programme Contract No. 016181 (FOOD) and the Seventh RTD Framework Programme Contract No. 266044.
Disclosure: The authors declared no competing interests.
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