ICCBH2017 Poster Presentations (1) (209 abstracts)
Longitudinal changes in bone mineral content and bone stiffness in adolescent male athletes: The PRO-BONE study
Dimitris Vlachopoulos 1 , Alan R Barker 1 , Craig A Williams 1 , Esther Ubago-Guisado 2 , Robinson Ramírez-Vélez 3 , Antonio García-Hermoso 4 , Jose Castro Pinero 5 , Francisco B Ortega 6 , Jonatan R Ruiz 6 , Luis A Moreno 7 & Luis Gracia-Marco 1,
1University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; 2University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; 3Universidad of Rosario, Bogota, Colombia; 4University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile; 5University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain; 6University of Granada, Granada, Spain; 7University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Objectives: Bone development can be enhanced by exercise during growth, but not all types of exercise may be beneficial. Weight bearing and non-weight bearing sports have different effects on bone outcomes during adolescence. However, there is no longitudinal evidence comparing the effects of popular sports in the UK on bone acquisition in adolescent males.
Methods: In the present study 116 adolescent males (13.1±0.1 years: 37 footballers, 37 swimmers, 28 cyclists engaged in these sports more than 3 hours per week in the last three or more years and 14 controls not engaged in these sports more than 3 hours per week in the last or more three years) were measured at baseline and after 1 year of sports specific training. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone stiffness by quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was measured for 7 days using accelerometers. BMC and bone stiffness acquisition after 1 year were compared after adjusting for age, height, lean mass, MVPA and baseline bone status.
Results: Longitudinal participation in football was associated with significantly higher adjusted BMC acquisition at the total body, total hip, shaft, Ward’s, legs and bone stiffness acquisition compared to cyclists. Also, footballers had significantly higher adjusted BMC acquisition at total body, shaft and legs compared to swimmers. There was no difference between swimmers and cyclists for any bone outcomes. Longitudinal participation in swimming and cycling had no difference in acquisition across the bone outcomes, and both groups had non-significantly lower acquisition in bone outcomes at most sites of the skeleton compared to controls.
Conclusions: This novel longitudinal evidence shows that one year of football participation was associated with significantly greater improvements in BMC and bone stiffness compared to cycling and swimming in adolescent males. Furthermore, participation in swimming and cycling might induce lower bone acquisition compared to controls suggesting that weight-bearing exercises may be needed to improve bone development in adolescent males engaged in these non-osteogenic sports.
Funding sources: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement n°. PCIG13-GA-2013-618496.
Disclosure: The authors declared no competing interests.
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