Bone Abstracts

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a global public health problem affecting more than 200 million people worldwide. Osteoporosis has clinical and public health implications because of the mortality, morbidity, and cost of medical care associated with osteoporotic fractures. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined criteria for assessing bone status by DEXA, which are defined by the T-score, which is the number of standard deviations (SDs) by which a patient’s test result exceeds (positive T-score) or falls below (negative T-score) the mean value expected in young healthy individuals. Epidemiology of osteoporosis varies based on risk factors prevalent in a particular geography e.g., dietary habits, socio-economic pattern such as parda custom, exposure to sun, alcohol drinking, smoking habits etc. An understanding of bone mineral density pattern and associated risk factors is crucial for prevention, diagnosis of osteoporosis and management of its complications in later life. Better understanding of known and novel risk factors is expected to improve the decision taken by physician in the prevention and management of osteoporosis.

Methods: This research involves retrospective data collection, from the Preventive Health Check up Department at Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India, over a period of 1 year (2014–2015). The classification for status of BMD has been done based on WHO criteria i.e., normal BMD (T score ≥ −1), osteopenia (T-score <−1 but >−2.5) and osteoporosis (T score ≤ −2.5). The data was collected in structured questionnaire and then recorded in Excel file. Statistical Analysis has partially been done using SPSS version 16.0.

Results: The analyzed population included 57% males; age range: 20–85 years and 43% females; age range: 21–79 years. As per preliminary analysis, osteoporosis has been observed in 7.7, 5.4, 5.4, 3.2 and 4.5% subjects at lumber spine (L1-L4), femur neck (left), femur neck (right), total femur (left) and total femur (right) respectively. Osteopenia has been observed in 31.7, 34.8, 32.6, 30.8 and 28.5% subjects at lumber spine (L1-L4), femur neck (left), femur neck (right), total femur (left) and total femur (right) respectively. Prevalence of osteoporosis increased in this population as the age progressed: <40 years (0%), ≥40 years (10%), ≥50 years (13%), ≥60 years (16%) and ≥70 years (17%). In gender-wise analysis for left femur neck bone status, more females reported low BMD (osteoporosis+osteopenia) as compared to males (F vs M: 48% vs 35%). This is to reiterate that results are preliminary only based on unpublished data.

Conclusion: Taking the aforementioned into consideration, an exploratory research has been initiated aimed to analyze osteoporosis disease in adult urban population and to identify risk factors influencing bone mineral density. Further data collection on BMD and risk factors is currently ongoing and will be presented at the Conference.