Bone Abstracts

Objective: It was proved that expansive pedicle screw (EPS) could significantly enhance immediate screw stability through mechanical expanding and compressing. However, there were little researches on growth of bone tissue around screw and dynamic screw stability in vivo in osteoporotic vertebrae. This study was designed to evaluate growth and microstructure of bone tissue around screw and fixation strength of screw in osteoporotic sheep lumbar vertebrae.<p class=...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, slowly progressive disease of the joints and is one of the most common causes of pain and disability in middle-aged and older people. The etiology and pathogenesis underlying this disease are poorly understood. Progranulin (PGRN), a secreted glycoprotein expressed in many cell types, has been linked to wide variety of biological processes. In recent years, increasing evidence suggests that PRGN stimulates chondrocyte proliferation and is consi...

Ostearthritis (OA) is most common form of joint disease and one of the leading causes of disability and pain in elderly people worldwide. Historically, OA has been considered a non-inflammatory disease, but more recently studies revealed that inflammation is a risk factor associated with both progression of cartilage destruction and signs and symptoms of disease. Mean platelet volume (MPV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet distribution width (PDW), neutrophil-...

The pathogenesis of tendinopathy remains unclear. Small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins, a family of non-collagenous proteins including osteopontin (OPN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), were initially thought to be limited to mineralized tissue but recent studies showed that they are more widely distributed and are expressed in nonmineralized tissues. Musculoskeletal tissue cells are categorized as the same functional unit developed from the mesenchymal stem cells....

Tendinopathy is a painful condition that occurs in and around tendons in response to overuse. The role of inflammation and inflammatory mediators in the development or progression of tendinopathy have been investigated in many studies, but it is still uncertain and controversial. Mean platelet volume (MPV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet distribution width (PDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and RDW-to-platelet rat...

There is some evidence that caffeine consumption has effects on bone mineral metabolism, however the reports in this regard show some ambiguity. Being this compound one of the most popular for human consumption in the world, we analyzed the effects of soluble caffeine subcutaneous administration on serum osteocalcin and serum bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP) in Wistar male rats (weighting 200–250 g). Variable doses were used (30, 75, 150 mg/kg), during 30 days. The animal...

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease with a high prevalence in older adults. There is evidence that statins have some beneficial effects on bone metabolism. Although the trial reports are ambiguous, it is now accepted that statins block the osteoclast differentiation inhibiting to some extent bone resorption. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a statin in an animal model, which was induced to osteoporosis by glucocorticoids and then treated with atorvastatin. The experimental...

Periostin (osteoblast-specific factor OSF-2) is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the POSTN gene. It is a component of the extracellular matrix and is thought to be involved in osteoblast recruitment, attachment and spreading.The N-terminus part of periostin is conserved, while the C-terminal region gives rise to different splice isoforms upon alternative splicing. The isoforms have a molecular weight range from 83 to 93 kDa.<p class="abste...

Biomechanical strength testing of bones, considered a key component in bone quality assessment, is a critical end-point in the evaluation of safety and efficacy of test compounds in preclinical studies. Bones are usually preserved frozen and tested within a few months following harvesting. They can also be stored for longer periods and only tested when additional information is required. The objective of this study was to evaluate if differences in biomechanics data between di...

Background: Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Circulating 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is metabolised into its biologically active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-d(OH)D] by the actions of 1α hydroxylase, and into inactive 2metabolite 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-d(OH)D] by 24-hydroxylase. Recent studies suggest the production of 1,25-d(OH)D) from 25(OH)D is 24,25-d(OH)D dependent. Genetic mutations of CYP24A1 gene resulting in...