Bone Abstracts

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) functions mainly in the form of two complexes, namely mTORC1 and mTORC2, which are distinct in their unique components, raptor and rictor. Here, we focused on bone phenotypes in mice with a specific deletion of rictor using a Cre recombinase gene whose expression was driven by the promoter of osteocalcin. All procedures involving mice were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the local admin. DXA analysis showed a ...

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are currently being investigated as novel biomarkers for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. The aim of the present study was to investigate the differential expression of specific circulating micro RNAs known to regulate bone metabolism and homeostasis in postmenopausal osteoporotic women with and without vertebral fractures. For the analysis, miRNAs were isolated from the serum of 24 osteoporotic patients with at least one moderate vertebr...

Aim: To assess the relationships of serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor-activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) superfamily with bone composition in end-stage COPD.Methods: Body and bone composition, serum OPG, RANKL, TNF-α and its receptors (sTNFR I, sTNFR II), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) levels were measured in 48 men end-stage COPD accepted for lung transplantation, and ...

Objective: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have the potential ability to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells and osteoblasts for angiogenesis and osteogenesis, however, the correlation between number and population of bone marrow EPCs with bone mass and bone metabolism in elderly is unknown.Methods: Trabecular bone were extracted from 11 patients with fragility fracture and eight patients with osteoarthritis during artificial hip replacemen...

High fat diet (HFD), obesity, and physical inactivity characterize the modern lifestyle. This can lead to coronary heart diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have shown that these conditions frequently are associated with poor bone quality. However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. To analyze the effect of HFD and exercise (EX) on bone homeostasis, we fed 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice a high fat (60% fat) or standard chow diet for 10 weeks (10–20...

Tissue healing/reconstruction as well as exacerbated inflammatory diseases may benefit from stem cell based therapies. Ex vivo isolated tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) displaying multi-potent activity and immune-regulatory functions were long ago proposed as therapeutic cells and already tested in many clinical assays. Nevertheless, their use may be restricted because of the few number that can be recovered from adult tissues, their limited in vitro e...

Chronic stress and depression are associated with alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal signalling cascade and considered a risk factor for bone loss and fractures. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between stress and poor bone health are unclear. Utilising a transgenic (tg) mouse model in which glucocorticoid signalling is selectively disrupted in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes (HSD2OB-tg mice), the current study examines t...

Background: In postmenopausal osteoporosis, a loss of bone volume due to increased bone turnover is accompanied by a higher volume of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). If this static relationship is based on a functional relationship, BMAT is a potential target for treating osteoporosis. While it is known that estrogen can reduce BMAT, it is still unknown whether raloxifene – a selective estrogen receptor modulator – can also reduce BMAT.Objec...

Chronic inflammatory diseases are characterized by a bone destruction mediated by an increased osteoclast (OCL) activity. OCLs are phagocytic cells arising from the myeloid lineage. Indeed, OCLs derive from monocytes (MN-OCLs) and, in an inflammatory context, they also derive from dendritic cells (DC-OCLs). Despite this origin, their role in the immune responses is still unclear. OCLs in steady state have been reported to act as antigen-presenting cells that activate CD8+...