ECTS2013 Poster Presentations Cell biology: osteoblasts and bone formation (50 abstracts)
Development of mice models to study implant osseointegration and failure in alveolar bone
Sylvain Mouraret 1, , Claire Bardet 1, , Dan J Hunter 1 , Antoine Popelut 2 , John B Brunski 1 , Catherine Chaussain 3 , Philippe Bouchard 2 & Jill A Helms 1
1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; 2Service of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP–HP, Paris 7, Denis Diderot University, U.F.R. of Odontology, Paris, France; 3Dental School, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 2496, Montrouge, France.
Many of our assumptions concerning oral implant osseointegration are extrapolated from experimental models studying skeletal tissue repair in long bones rather than in oral bones. This discrepancy between clinical practice and experimental research hampers our understanding on how alveolar bone forms or resorbs around implants and how osseointegration of oral implants can be improved. To overcome this disconnect, we have developed a mouse model which mimics oral implant placement in the human jaws. It consists in the placement of a Ø 0.6 mm titanium implant in the edentulous ridge anterior of the first molar.
In this study, we performed two protocols of implant placement in adult male mice, mimicking different clinical situations. First, implants were firmly screwed down in a Ø 0.45 mm implant bed to obtain a successful osseointegration. Second, implants were inserted in a Ø 0.65 mm bed preparation in order to reproduce a lack of primary stability. Finally, to test the hypothesis that implant failure can be reversed, we performed this latter implant placement procedure in a genetic mouse model in which Axin2, a negative regulator of Wnt signalling, is knock down. Our data show that successful implant osseointegration is characterized by mineralization exclusively located around the surfaces of the peri-implant bone and by osteoclastic activity on the remodelling surfaces of the new osteoid matrix. In contrast, implants that lack primary stability show histologic evidence of persistent fibrous encapsulation and mobility. In Axin2−/− model, implants lacking primary stability undergo osseointegration provided an increased level of Wnt signaling. These data introduce useful oral implant models in mice mimicking successful implant osseointegration and failure. They strongly suggest that elevating Wnt signaling around an implant prevents fibrous encapsulation and failure, even when primary stability is lacking.
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Bone Abstracts
ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
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